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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Joints are
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any place in the body where 2 bones come together
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An articulation is
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a joint
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A joint is named for its
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structure and function
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Structure is
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what holds a joint together
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What are the 3 classifications of structure
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fibrous
cartilagenous synovial |
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what are the 3 classifications of function
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synarthrotic
amphiarthrotic diarthrotic |
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A fibrous joint
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has no joint cavity. is held together by fibrous connective tissue.
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Example of fibrous joint
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sutures of the skull
distal tibia fibia |
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A cartilagenous joint
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bones are held together by cartilage.
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Example of cartilagenous joint
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ribs to sternum
symphasis pubis |
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A synovial Joint
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has a cavity, a connective tissue capsule and fluid
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Example of a synovial joint
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knee
shoulder |
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synarthrotic joints
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no movement
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Example of synarthrotic joints
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sutures
gomophsis (tooth in jaw) synchondrosis |
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What is synchondrosis
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a synarthrotic joint where cartialge is found and the cartilage is always hyaline.
ex ribs to sternum |
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Ampharthrotic joint
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slightly moveable
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2 types of ampharthrotic joints
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syndesmosis
symphasis |
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Syndesmosis
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A type of ampharthrotic joint that has slightly more fibrous tissue than a suture therefore the bones dont fit as tightly.
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Symphasis
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A type of ampharthrotic joint where the connecting cartilage is always fibro.
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Example of syndesmosis
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distal tibular fibular
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example of symphasis
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symphasis pubis
between the vertabrae |
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Diarthrotic Joints
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freely movable, always have a joint cavity.
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Diarthrotic joints will always be covered with....
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hyaline or carticular cartilage on the ends.
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Connective tissue capsule
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a sleeve like structure that goes from the periosteum of one bone to the periosteum of the other in a diarthrotic joint.
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connective tissu capsule has how many layers and what are they?
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2
Outer layer- made of dense irregular connective tissue Inner layer- made of synovial membrane. |
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Where is the Miniscus
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between the articulating bones.
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What is the miniscus made of
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fibrocartilage
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What is the function of the miniscus
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It allows the bones to fit tightly together and it stableizes the joint
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Bursa
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sacs filled with fluid
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What type of joint has a miniscus
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diarthrotic
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a gliding joint is located
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in the intertarsal and intercarpals
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hinge joints are located
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on the elbow
knee ankle interfalanges between c1 and c2 vertebrae |
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pivot joint is located
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proximal radial ulna
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A condyloid joint is located
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on the radial carpal
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A saddle joint is located
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on the carpal metacarpal joint of the thumb
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A ball in socket joint is located
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hip
shoulder |
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flexion
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decreases the angle between 2 bones ex: arm bent up at elbow
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extension
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increases the angle between 2 bones.
arm held straight |
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abduction
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move body part away from midline.
ex: move arm up away from body |
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adduction
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move body part toward midline.
ex: move arm towards body |
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hyperextension
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an extension goes past anatomical position.
ex: bend elbow backwards |
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circumduction
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move a body part in a circle
ex: move arm in a circle |
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inversion
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move soles of feet inward
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eversion
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move soles of feet toward outside
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dorsiflexion
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stand on you heels
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plantar flexion
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toes down. Stand on tip toes
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rotation
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move body part around a central axis.
ex: shake head no |
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protaction
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move body part forward keeping it parallel to the ground
ex: jut jaw forward |
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retraction
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pull procated part back to position
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supination
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palms up
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pronation
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palms down
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elevation
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move body part upward
ex: shrug shoulders |
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depression
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move elevated part down
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The integumentary system makes up
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the skin, hair, nails and glands
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the largest body organ is
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the skin covers 22 sq feet
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the skin has even thickness or varied thickness?
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varies in thickness
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What are the 3 layers of skin
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the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous
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What are the 8 functions of skin
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regulate body temp
make vitamin D conatin blood reserve excresion plays a role in immunity protects the inside of the body from bacteria damage or UV light damage sensation recpetors for touch, pain and temp |
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what type of cells is the epidermis made of
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stratified squamus keratinized cells
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What are the 4 types of cells the epidermis is made up of
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keritinocytes-make keratin
melanocytes- make melanin langerhans cells - chemicals to boost immune system markels cells; touch |
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What are the 5 layers of the epidermis, in order.
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stratum corneum
stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale |
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The stratum corneum is made up of
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30 layers of flat dead keritanized cells. Called the horny layer. Becomes callused.
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the stratum lucidem is made up of
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5 layers of flat dead cells always missing in regions of thin skin
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stratum granulosum is made of
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5 layers of living squamous cells and where Keratine is first observed.
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stratum spinsosum is made up of
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10 layers of squamous and cuboidal cells. Cells are alive. Contain anchoring junctions that allow for stretching and wear and tear. Melanocyte and langerhans present
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Stratum basale is made of
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simple cuboidal all are alive. region of constant mitosis. contatin keratinocytes , melanocytes and merkels.
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the Dermis is made up of
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Mostly adipose and aerolar connective tissue. bloody conatins the base sturcures of hair, oil, and sweat glands.
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What are the 2 layers of the Dermis
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Papillary
reticular |
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What is the papillary layer in the dermis
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where dermal papillae is found. The ridges that produce finger prints and foot prints
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What is the reticular layer in the dermis made of
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Made of adipose, dense regular and dense irregular and elastic fibers
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subcutaneous/hypodermis/superficial facia is made up of
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mostly adipose, pacinian corpuscles (pressure receptors)
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What is skin colorr determined by
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Mostly melanin then carotene and hemoglobin.
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freckle
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a pigment disorder. Issolated patches of melanin.
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vitiligo
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a pigment disorder. large isolated white patches where pigment is missing.
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Albino
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no pigment at all
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Hair is called
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pili
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Hair is found where
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Covering the entire body except lips, nipples, palms, soles of feetand parts of genitals.
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What are the 3 layers of hair
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cuticle outer layer, completly keratinized.
cortex dark hair is filled with pigment and blond with air. medulla has air |
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Hair is attached at
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the hair folicle
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bulb
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surrounds folicle has blood vesseles and nerves.
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the arector pili muscle
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surrounds the bulb, makes hair stand on end
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root hair plexus
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a network of nerves surrounding folicle makes hair sensitive to touch and movement
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nails are
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extenstion of the epidermis that are highly keratinized
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3 types of glands associated with the skin
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1) pseudoriferous
sebaceous ceruminous |
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2 types of pseudoriferous glands
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eccrine - forhead, hands, feet. Produce thin water sweat activated by hands and fee.
apocrine - armpits and groin. smelly sweat |
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Sebacous glands are
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oil glands. Produce sebum, lubricates skin and kills bacteria.
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Ceruminous glands are
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modified sweat glands - produce wax, not sweat. In the ear.
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