Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Ligaments |
Connects bone to bone |
|
|
Tendons |
Connects muscle to bone |
|
|
Functional Classification |
- Synarthroses - Amphiarthroses - Diarthroses |
|
|
Synarthrosis |
A Functional Classification Immovable joints |
|
|
Amphiarthrosis |
A Functional Classification Slightly movable joints |
|
|
Diarthrosis |
A Functional Classification Freely movable joints |
|
|
Structural Classifications |
- Fibrous Joints - Cartilaginous Joints - Synovial Joints |
|
|
FIbrous Joints |
Held together by fibrous connective tissue, no joint cavity, most are synarthrotic (immovable) |
|
|
Cartilaginous Joints |
Held together by cartilage, no joint cavity, not highly moveable |
|
|
Synovial Joints |
Bones seperated by a synovial cavity, and usually ligaments (most joints in appendages) |
|
|
Types of Fibrous Joints |
- Sutures - Syndesmosis - Gomphosis |
|
|
Sutures |
- A type of Fibrous Joint - Synarthrotic (immovable) - Short, connective tissue fibers that ossify in middle age - Only between bones in skull |
|
|
Syndesmosis |
- A type of Fibrous Joint - Amphiarthrotic (slightly movable) - Bones connected exclusively by ligaments, cords, or bands of fibrous tissue - Amount of movement depends on length of fibers
|
|
|
Gomphosis |
- A type of Fibrous Joint - Synarthrotic (immovable) - Teeth in alveolar processes |
|
|
Types of Cartilaginous Joints |
- Synchondrosis - Symphysis |
|
|
Synchondrosis |
- A type of Cartilaginous Joint - Synarthrotic (immovable) - The epiphyseal plate in long bones & immovable joint between first rib and sternum |
|
|
Symphysis |
- A type of Cartilaginous Joint - Amphiarthrotic (slightly movable) - The pubic symphysis and between vertebrae |
|
|
Articular Cartilage |
Hyaline cartilage in synovial joint: covers opposing bone surfaces, absorbs compression |
|
|
Articular Capsule |
Encloses the joint cavity 2 layers: external fibrous layer and inner synovial membrane layer |
|
|
Synovial Membrane |
Covers all internal joint surfaces, secretes synovial fluid |
|
|
Synovial Fluid |
Occupies all free space in joint capsule, reduces friction between cartilage, shock absorption |
|
|
Articular Discs (Menisci) |
Wedges of fibrocartilage separating articular surfaces, divides synovial cavity in 2 Makes joints more stable |
|
|
Bursa |
A flattened fibrous sac lined by synovial membrane and contains synovial fluid. Function as "ball bearings" to reduce friction |
|
|
Nonaxial |
Range of motion allowed by synovial joints: Slipping movements only |
|
|
Uniaxial |
Range of motion allowed by synovial joints: Movement in one plane |
|
|
Biaxial |
Range of motion allowed by synovial joints: Movement in 2 planes |
|
|
Multiaxial |
Range of motion allowed by synovial joints: Movement in or around all 3 planes of space and axes |
|
|
Ball & Socket Joint |
A Type of Synovial Joint = multiaxial Ex: shoulder, hip |
|
|
Hinge Joint |
A Type of Synovial Joint = uniaxial Ex: elbow, knee |
|
|
Pivot Joint |
A Type of Synovial Joint = uniaxial - Rotation Ex: Ulna to Radius joint |
|
|
Plane Joint |
A Type of Synovial Joint = nonaxial - Gliding Ex: Carpal, tarsal joints, between vertebra |
|
|
Condylar Joint |
A Type of Synovial Joint = Biaxial Ex: Knuckle and wrist joints
|
|
|
Saddle Joint |
A Type of Synovial Joint = Biaxial Ex. Thumb joint |
|
|
Flexion |
A bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint
Ex: bending the elbow |
|
|
Extension |
A bending movement that increases the angle of the joint (opposite of flexion)
Ex: Straightening out arm |
|
|
Hyperextension |
A bending movement that increases angle of arm beyond anatomical position
Ex: Stretching backwards |
|
|
Abduction |
Movement of a limb away from midline
Ex: Raising arm laterally |
|
|
Adduction |
Movement of a limb towards midline, opposite of abduction
Ex: Lowering the laterally raised arm |
|
|
Circumduction |
The movement of a limb so that is describes a cone in space. Involves flexion, abduction, extension and adduction performed in succession
Ex: A pitcher winding up his arm |
|
|
Rotation |
The turning of a bone on its own long axis
Ex. Turning head |
|
|
Inversion & Eversion |
Special movement of the foot
Ex: Sole of foot turns inwards & outwards |
|
|
Elevation & Depression |
Lifting a body part up & down
Ex: Chewing |
|
|
Protraction & Retraction |
Nonangular anterior and posterior movements in a transverse plane
Ex: Jutting out and in chin |
|
|
Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion |
The up & down movement of foot at ankle
Ex: Pointing toes up and down |
|
|
Supination & Pronation |
The movements of the radius around the ulna
Ex: Supination = Radius and ulna are parallel (palm up) Pronation = Radius rotates over ulna (palm down) |
|
|
Strain |
The overstretching or tearing of a tendon or muscle Ex: "Pulled" hamstring |
|
|
Sprain |
The overstretching or tearing of a ligament Ex: sprained ankle |
|
|
Grade I Sprain / Strain |
Mild / Overstretching or slight tearing |
|
|
Grade II Sprain / Strain |
Moderate / Partially torn but still intact |
|
|
Grade III Sprain / Strain |
Severe / Completely torn |
