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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
movements of synovial joints
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gliding and angular
(simple back and forth, and chnage of angles.) |
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three factors which determine range of mobility of a joint
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structure of bones at articulation
strength of joint capsule (strength, tautness of associated tendons) size, arrangement and actions of muscles spanning joint |
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factors which can limit range of movement at a joint
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body conditioning
excessive obesity |
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menisci
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fibrous cartilage pads in knee. cushions and guides bones.
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temporomandibular pad
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fibrocartilagenous pad - cushions/guides bones
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tendon sheath
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modified bursae - surrounds, lubricates tendons.
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categories based on
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structure & motion permitted
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arthritis
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joint inflammation caused by trauma, bacterial infection, metabolic disorders.
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lordosis
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swayback - exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature
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kyphosis
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humpback. exaggerated posterior thoracic curve
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scoliosis
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abnormal lateral spinal curvature
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function of intervertebral disc during motion and weightbearing
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flattens during weightbearing, slides during motion. Acts as shock absorber.
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condyloid joint movements permitted
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biaxial movement in two planes
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condyloid joint structure
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oval condyle of one bone articulates with eliptical cavity of another
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gliding joint examples
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intercarpal/intertarsal joints, sternoclavicular, articular processes of vertebral column
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gliding joint movements permitted
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sliding back and forth movement with little rotation
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gliding joint structure
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flat or slightly curved (convex/concave) articulating surfaces
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hinge joint examples
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knee, elbow, joints of phalanges
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hinge joint movements permitted
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monaxial bending motion in one plane like the hinge of a door
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hinge joint structure
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convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another most common synovial joints
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pivot joint examples
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atlantoaxial joint (turning head side to side), proximal radioulnar joint (turning door knob)
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pivot joint movements permitted
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rotation about a central axis
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pivot joint structure
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conical surface of one bone articulates with depression of another
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saddle joint examples
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carpometacarpal joint of thumb - allows opposable thumb
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saddle joint movements permitted
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wide range of movements
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saddle joint structure
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concave and convex surface on each articulating bone
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ball and socket joint examples
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shoulder(glenohumeral) and hip(coxal) joints.
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condyloid joint examples
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radiocarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint
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ball and socket joint movements permitted
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movement in all planes and rotation
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ball and socket joint structure
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rounded surface of one bone articulates with cuplike socket of another
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what are the two classification systems for joints?
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structural, and functional
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what are the three structural classifications of joints, and what do they mean?
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synarthroses: not moveable-skull bones
amphiarthroses: somewhat moveable - inferior tibiofibular joint diarthroses: freely moveable - shoulder. |
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what are the three structural classifications of joints?
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fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
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what is a fibrous joint
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joint held together by fibrous connective tissue
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what are the two kinds of fibrous joints?
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syndesmosis and sutures
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what is a suture
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synarthroses (doesn't move)
bones separated by thin layer of fibrous tissue continuous with periosteum. |
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what prohibits movement at sutures?
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fibrous connections and interlocking serations (dovetails)
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what is a squamous suture?
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a suture where the edge of one bone overlaps that which it articulates with.
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what is a plane suture
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where the edges of the bone don't overlap
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what is a syndesmosis
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it's an amphiarthroses (slightly moveable joint) joint where bones are united by a thick layer of dense fibrous tissue. (interosseous membranes in antebrachium and leg.)
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what are two types of cartilaginous joints
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symphysis and synchondrosis.
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what is a cartilaginous joint?
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cartilage between bones, no joint cavity. little or no movement.
mainly for strength and stability, not mobility. |
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what is a synchondrosis and give an example
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an immovable union involving hyaline cartilage: costal cartilage of thoracic cage.
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what is a symphysis?
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bones covered with hyaline cartilage, and disc of fibrocartilage in between. some movement allowed: symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs.
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what is the purpose of a synovial joint?
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movement.
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summarize the synovial joint
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Synovial joints consist of:
-articular cartilage over the uniting bones - a strong ligamentous fibrous joint capsule, containing a joint cavity lined by a synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid that lubricates the joint. They are highly movable joints, well supported by ligaments and tendons. |
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what movement is permitted at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
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saddle joint, so wide range of movements.
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what movements are permitted at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand?
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these are condyloid joints, so wide range of movements: flex,ext, abd, add, circumd.
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what movements are permitted at the interphalangeal joints?
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hinge joint, so flexion and extension - movement in one plane.
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what is special about the long head of biceps brachii to the shoulder joint?
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the tendon within the joint, but it has its own tendon sheath, and is outside the synovial membrane: extrasynovial, but intercapsular.
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what are four reasons for dislocations of the shoulder?
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strut system subject to constant gravity, increases distances between articular surfaces.
-articular surfaces very different sizes. - lack of bony support - glenoid labrum and capsular ligaments are weak supports. dislocations usually happen anteriorly/inferiorly, through weakness in rotator cuff musculotendinous sleeve. |
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what is the "carrying angle?"
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the lateral deviation of the forearm when elbow extended, forearm supinated.
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what is the name of the ligament which crosses the acetebular notch and completes the acetebulum articular surface?
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transverse ligament.
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what is the purpose of the acetebular labrum?
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deepens the socket and holds the femur head securely in place.
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what are the three main ligaments of the hip joint capsule?
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iliofemoral - anterior.(thickest and strongest)
pubofemoral - inferiorly ischiofemoral - posteriorly |
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what does the iliofemoral ligament do?
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maintains trunk-thigh alignment and prevents anterior dislocation of femur
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what does the pubofemoral ligament do?
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limits abduction of hip.
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what is the main purpose of the hip joint ligaments?
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prevent hyperextension. (they tighten as hip is extended.)
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what is the most common ankle injury?
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inversion injury (sprain)
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