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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Earl Warren
(Liberal Chief of Justice of the Supreme Cort, 1960's) -What were some significant things that happened while he was Chief of Justice? |
Thurgood Marshall:
- 1st black member of Supreme Cort Important decisions made by courts: -miranda rights, fed pwer to insure that (in states) all votes are =, no prayer in public schools, felon cases need public defenders, approved interracial marriage |
LOTS of court cases with importnant out comes, Miranda rights, Thurgood Marshall
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Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) and the Great Society
(What did it do?) |
-Aft JFK, he pushed through a lot of the reform like JFK wanted
-He wanted to help proverty, healthcare, education, racial equality -Civil Rights Act: banned all racial segregation in public services (Jim Crow Laws) -Voting Rights Act: no crazy literacy test to vote! = huge increase of black voters -Medical Care Act: created Medicare and Medicaid for elderly and on welfare -Economic Opp. Act: education, job trainning/ oppretunites to young US's in poor areas |
Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, Medicare, Economic Opp. Act
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JFK
(what he did/known for) |
-Demo., pres: in 1961-1996 assasination, then Lyndon B. Johnson
-"The best and the brightest" - New Frontier: his plan for reform in US and winning cold war -opposed by republicans and S. demo. (couldn't really get anything passed through congress) -known for: raiseing minimum wage, creating Peace Corps, and a rise in govt. investment in the environment (Silent Spring: hazards of pesticide DDT) -Cuban Missile Crisis |
Peace Corps, Silent Spring, New Frontier, "The best and the brightest", Cuban Missile Crisis
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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-in the 1960's civil rights activist were in ful swing MLK Jr. is offten seem as a leader of civil right during this time
- lead a # of peaceful demonstrations in Alabama - influenced JFK to make Civil Rights Bill. In support of this 250,000mill US's, Aug 1963, in Washington DC for "March in Washington" where MLK made "I Have A Dream" speech. - Ap. 4, 1968 shot in Memphis, Tenn. by James Earl Ray. this ed t chaos |
Civil Rights Bill, 1960's, "I Have A Dream"
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Richard Nixion
(what he did/known for) |
-pres in 1968, repub. In election said he represented the "silent majority" who were sick of the progressive and liberal reforms (civil rights, protests, etc)
-pulled out of Vietnam, focaused on detente w/ Cold War -know for Watergate scandle - |
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Gerand Ford as President
(what happened during his presidency?) |
-more conservative than Nixon
-no scandals but had to deal with economic crisis. -Arab oil embargo (Oct 1973-March 1974) HURT US econ. Rising oil prices, enemployment, and inflation -Helsinki Accords (1975): him and 31 other countries signed. Solidified European lines, human rights, freedom to travel |
Arab oil embargo, Helsinki Accords
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Jimmy Carter as President
(what happened during his presidency?) |
-demo, pres in 1976
-known as "Washington outsider" -known for foreign policys -dealt w/ more econ crisis -1977 gave Panama canal back to Panamanians -recognized the People's Republic of China -Signed SALT 2 (senate didn't ratify b/c Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan. Carter then started taking anit-Soviet measures. ended detente - March 1979 got Isreal's and Egypt's leader to sign Camp David Accords (treaty) for the 2 waring nations. didn't last cause Egypts leader latter killed by Islamic Fundamentalists -Once he admitted the run away Shah of Iran into the US in Nov 1979, Iranian students stormed US embacy in Tehran and Carter faild to stop it = hostage crisis |
Camp David Accords
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Ronald Regan and results of Reganomics
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-pres in 1980, Repub., promised to end "tax and spend policys" and win Cold War
-Reaganomics= Capitalistic system w/no tax or gov stuff is good & prosperity of rich will "trickle down" to poor -cut taxes and gov spening for school lunches, student loans, pub transprot, etc. -1981 = ressecion: raise unemployment + no social programs to boot -1983-1987= rebound + wealth+ spending! -Oct 19,1987: bubble burst w/ 20% decrease in stock market |
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The George Bush Admin.
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-Pres in 1988, Repub. (was Regans VP)
-Cold War end w/ USSR's failing econ + new USSR leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, not as harsh + fall of Berlin Wall + Pres of the New Russian Fed Boris Yeltsin dissolved USSR into Russia -China = Communtist: Chinese army crush Democracy protest in Tiananmen Square -Jan 1991 Bush entered US in Gulf War w/ Saddam Hussein, Iraq's leader. Military campane = "Desert Storm". US win -The Environment: Oil spill make environmentalist go crazy and inpires US's in be "eco-friendly". Bush sometimes supported and sometimes against conservation (passes Clean Air Act in 1990 but is for fossil fuels. |
Cold War end, China, The Gulf War, The Environment
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Bill Clinton
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-Pres in 1992, Demo
-coulnd't get anything passed through congress, repubs. in congress shutdown the gov 2 over budget -economy got better and gov spening went down! nice! -passed North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) taking away most trade restrictions between Canada and Mexico -ppl thought that he had had an affair. Aug 1998 in front of grand jury he said he didnt bt later addmited to it. IMPEACHMENT for perjury and obstruction of justice! Senat defeated both, Clintion= pres |
Impeachment, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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Proclamation of American Neutrality, Jay's Treaty, and Treaty of San Lorenzo
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Proclamation of American Neutrality:
-washington wanted to STAY OUT OF IT! but things got sloppy w/ brit "impressment" were US's were forced to b brit soilders Jay's Treaty: -made by John Jay in 1795 -leading up to the Quasi-war the treaty removed Brit. troops from US land + opened some trade Treaty of San Lorenzo: -U.S. unrestricted access to the Miss River -removed Spanish troops from US land. |
Brit, spain, and US, Quasi-War
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Limited Test-Ban Treaty
(detente) |
-July 1963 US and USSR sign saying no undersea or atmospheric testing of nucs
-effort at easing tensions -Nixon used/ aimed for this a lot -Jimmy Carter ended it |
Cold War, Nixon, Jimmy Carter
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Gulf Tonkin Resolution
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-2 US destroyers had a run it with N. Vietnamese patrol boats in Gulf of Tonkin off N. Vietnam
- Lyndon B. Johnson claimed US ships attacked for no reason. Congress passed the Resolution in Aug 1964 (declaration of war pretty much) . Let Johnson do whatever he wants to in Vietnam. |
Vietnam War, Lyndon B. Johnson
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Paris Accords
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-signed Jan 1973
-US withdraw from Vietnam War |
Vietnam War
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Strategtic Arms Limitation Treaty
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SALT1: limited both sides to 200 anitballistic misslies, limited intercontinental and sub misslies
-looked hopeful for cooperation |
Cold War
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Selective Service Act
(WW1) |
-1917: all men 21-30 register for military duty
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18th Amendment
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prohibition of alcohol... as a war measure. Greman beer was thought to be demoralising
-ratified in 1919 |
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19th Amendment
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womens right to vote
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Roe vs Wade, 1973
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Supreme Court legalizes abortion
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Kitchen Cabinet and Spoils System
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-Andrew Jackson
-put friends/supporters in his cabinet - spoils system: remove white house ppl with friends/supporters -Jackson dominated white house |
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Seneca Falls Convention
(Womens Rights) |
-1848
-Women rights meeting -Declaration of Sentiments: kind of like declaration of independence but w/ woman's rights (inclusive to women) |
Declaration of Sentiments
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Immigration in the Gilded Age
(and kind of in Progressive Age too) |
- Immigrantion increased in the Gilded age becuase from the outside it seemed that people could get rich fast and have a good life.
- "New Immigrants" were mostly S.E. Eroupen and were trying to escape poverty or famine. They were all poor and looked down upon in America. - Many immigrants (once in the US) were discriminated against and poor. Most lived in tenemments. - Nativimus, eugenics and the Anglo-Saxon Myth helped justify the discrimination. - For example the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 placed a 10 yr. ban on Chinese immigration - Immigrants were a huge apart of the work force. Scabs! |
"New Immigrants", Chinese Exclusion Act, Eugenics, Anglo-Saxon Myth, Tenemments, Nativisum, Scabs
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The US in China
(The Age of Imperialism) |
- In The Age of Imperialism (aft Spanish- American War) the US was looking to expand in a forgien way, like China
- Other countries had already "set up camp" or created spheres of influences at key ports where the US couldn't trade, but we were still trying to get in there the best we could - in 1899 Sec. of State John Hay proclaimed an Open Door Policy in China where there would be no faortisum in Chinese ports. Most countries rejected it - Presence of other countries = Chinese mad. inspired Boxer Rebellion or Harmoniouse Rightouse Fist = rampage and killing of foreigners. US shut them down and Hay demanded that open door be put in place and ev1 agreed. |
Spheres of Influence, Open Door Policy, Boxer Rebellion
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In The Age of Imperialism, what did the US do in/with Cuba and the Philippines aft the Spanish-American War?
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Cuba: Platt Amendment
- took US troops out - made Cuba vow not to make anyother treaty w/ a diff foreign pwer. - US right to intervene when saw fit - US right to keep Guantanamo Bay (navy base) - Cuba didn't like but "whatev" Philippines: Ceded to US aft Spanish-American War - US saw as valuable, gateway to China - US decided to annex it (no impedendence) = fighting, Filipinos vs US for about 2 yrs, US win - got independence in 1946 (US gave it) |
Cuba: Platt Amendment, Philippines: annexation
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The Black Power Movment
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-1960's aggressive and violent black rights movment
-leader #1: Malcom X -spokesman for black rights, Nation of Islam, black pride, assassinated in 1965 -leader #2: Stokely Carmichael -lead to creation of the Black Panthers: violent protest |
1960's, Malcom X, Stokely Carmichael, Black Panthers
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The Berlin Wall
(the Iron Curtain) |
-1961 finnis construction in USSR
-divided E & W Berlin - ment to keep in E Germs -represented the world divided in the Cold War -Nov 1989, torn down = end of the Cold War |
USSR, Cold War
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What were some key events in the Cold War that Happened in Cuba?
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-Fidel Castro and communitst party take over Cuba in 1959 = USSR
-Ap. 1961 JFK authorised Bay Of Pigs Invasion where 1,500 Cuban exiles sent into cuba to start rebellion. US defeated. - 1962: Cuban Misslie Crisis: USSR missle bases being built. JFK = quarantine of Cuba + dismantle of missile base. then things really got crazy. - it all worked out: misslie dismantled and US never invaded Cuba |
Fidel Castro, Bay Of Pigs, Cuban Misslie Crisis
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"Domino Theory"
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-if one nation fell under Soviet (communisum) controll others in region will follow
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Eisenhower, communisum
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The Vietnam War
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-Vietnam divided @ 17th parallel N. and S. to stop flow of communisum: S. Vietnam and the US vs Vietcong and N. Vietnamese Army (communist)
- aft Gulf Tonkin Resolution, "Operation Rolling Thunder" put in place. Johnson = continuous bombing of N Vietnam... didn't really do much. -Johnson put in ground troops. The Vietcong used gorilla warfare, well reinforced, and well supplied. -Jan 1968 Tet Offensive = turning point! Huge Vietcong offensive. US troops won but did a lot of damage. Hurt US war moral big time. Victory seemed impossible -At home the US was divied. People were strongly for or against the war. Many student movments/ protests -once Nixion was in office Henry Kissinger made 3 ways to get US out if the war. 1) pull some troops out and make Nixon Doctorine= in 3rd world countries US is no longer military protecter but partner. 2)negotiate a treaty 3) BOMB THEM -Jan 1973 the Paris Accords ended US involvment -N. Vietnam won |
Vietcong, N. and S. divide, Gulf Tonkin Resolution, Tet Offensive, War Moral at Home, Henry Kissinger, Nixon Doctorine, Paris Accords
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The Youth Movment in the 1960's
(what did they protest and how did it end?) |
-College students lead by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) (1962).
-protested about civil rights, leftist goals, racisum, millitary, and most of all the Vietnam War -Protest: Columbia Univercity 1968, March Against Death 1969, 300,000 students marched in DC for 40 hrs -faded w/ more police crack down ie: May,4, 1970 Kent State U. 4 killed, 9 wounded |
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), March Against Death
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Womens Liberation in the 1960's
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-Like other social issues in the time an advance in women equality also sprange up.
-inspired by the book The Feminine Mystique, which urged women to break free,many women protested for equality ie:Women's Strike for Equality (1970) - National Organization for Women (NOW) created in 1966 -Roe vs Wade mades abbortions legal |
The Feminine Mystique, National Organization for Women (NOW), Women's Strike for Equality, Roe vs Wade
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Watergate Scandle
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-In June 1972, burglars were caught breaking into The Democratic National Committee headquarters. These burglars were hired by the Committee to Re- Elect the President (CREEP) which Nixion made
-a series of articals in the Washington Post reveiled te massive cover up, bribes, and corruption to keep the scandle under raps - the inside informant was called "Deep Throat" -Many key officals resined including Nixon in Aug 9, 1974. Gerald Ford took over. |
Endend Nixion's presidency, Deep Throat
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Iran-Contra Affair
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-Regan gave the USSR the nick name "the Evil Empire". His administration was largly focsed on miliraty build up tio defeat the USSR in the cold war.
-in 1982 the hate for the USSR lead to the Iran-Contra Affair. -The CIA sent 10,000 men into Nicaragua called "Contras" to fight againts the Sandinista Regime which had ties to the USSR and Cuba. Congress said no but the Regan admin. kept funnding them, lead by Oliver North. -investigations in 1987 revealed that the Regan admin. had been selling weapons to the anti-US forces in Iran to pay for the support of the "Contras". -unknown if Regan his slef had any knoledge of what happened but ppl still didn't trust him |
Oliver North, "The Evil Empire", Regan
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Allies vs The Central Powers
(WW1) |
Allies: US, Britan, Russia, France, later Italy
Central Powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary |
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US Neutrality in WW1
(how did we become involved in the war? what pushed us over the edge?) |
-War in Europe starts after assasonation, US proclaims mutral but favors and supports Allies
-Grems U-boat blockade of Allies ports sinking a brit passanger ship, the Lusitania, killing 128 US's -US passes the National Defence Act in which we prepared for war but didn't declear war (guns, military, soilders etc) -Things got better then dicey again and Germany made the Sussex pledge which said that they wouldn't attack ships w/out warnings -Wilson still wants peace but it's not happening. -Grem starts again urestricted sub warfare, the US cuts diplomatic ties -the ZimmermanTelegram intercepted by Brits. From Germs to Mexico. Said if Mexico entered the war against US Germ would help get back their land. Germ also asked Japan to enter war. -Then we declared war on Ap.1917 |
U-boat blockade, National Defence Act, Sussex pledge, urestricted sub warfare, ZimmermanTelegram
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Woodrow Wilson's 14 points
(WW2) |
-Plans for peace and the new world aft the war
-8points about territorial reorganization of Eroupe -1 point about the settlement of colonia disputes -5 points about new world order: freedom and peace -most nations and repubicans opposed it |
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The Treaty of Versailles
(June 1919) |
-treaty that ended WW1
-Wilson headed peace talks but Allies just wanted Germ to pay up. -Germ admit sole blam for the war, required to pay lots!, Germ territory distributed -Wilson's won "win" in the treaty was the League of Nations (kind of like UN) -the US wound up not even bing in the League of Nations b/c to many repubs denied it (b/c they didn't like Wilson!) |
League of Nations
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Red Scare
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-aft WW1= anit-communisum!/ Russia
-J.Edgar Hoover lead these Palmer Raids looking for communist. they deported and arrested a bunch of people. mostly of Eropean background |
J.Edgar Hoover, Palmer Raids, communisum
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Espionage Act and the Sedition Amendment
(WW1) |
- the Espionage Act and the Sedition Amendment were used to stop/end anit war ideology along with pro-war propoganda
- gave right to imprison or fine ppl doing anti-war things including using "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language." -many imprisoned including Eugene Debs. -these were help up in court with Schenk vs US. court ruled that free speach restrained when a "clear and present danger". |
Eugene Debs
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Repub Presidents of the 1920's
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-promised a "Return to Normalcy" = big buseness w/ no gov regulation
-Presidents were (in this order):Warren G. Harding, Teapot Dome Sandal, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover -Harding known for Teapot Dome Sandal where Secretar fo the Interior Albert B. Fall gave gov oil reserves to buisnessmen and he got $400,000 in return -reversed progressive era |
"Return to Normalcy", Warren G. Harding, Teapot Dome Sandal, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover
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Smoot-Hawley Tariff
(1930) |
-importantion rates= all time highs
-ment to protect US buisness in responce to econ crash of "Black Thursday" -back fired when other countries did it back and then there was no internional trade. world econ suffered |
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Production, Labor, and agriculture in the 1920's
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-Production up! w/ larg firms, assembly lines, mamagment, and instalment buying/credit
-labor increaed + wages were good. -crop $ decreased and many farmers needed help |
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Dawes Plan
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-the Allies owed the US money aft WW1 but they couldn't pay us.
-Germ owed Allies bt couldn't pay them -Dawes Plan (md by US banker)= lessen US demands and gave loans out to Grem to pay allies to pay US |
aft WW1 payment program
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National Origins Act
(immigration in 1920's) |
-in 1921 congress set only 350,000 for annual immigration.
-National Origins Act (1942) cut it to 164,000 + max 2% of ppl already living here |
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Sacco-Vanzetti case
(immigration in 1920's) |
-2 italian immigrants, anarchists, charged w/ murder
-un fair and byist trail, exicuted (but they were guilty) -showed hatred twrds immigration |
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1920's youth driven culture
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-1920's= 1st decade defined by there youth. kind of a sexual revolution. "roarign 20's".
-the icon was the flapper girl who was happy, glirty, and for the 1st time showed some skin. opposite of vitorian modesty which came before -18th amandment but ppl still drank in underground bars called speakeasies. there alcohol was provided by bootleggers who would smugle in alcohol. such as Al Capone. -crime was very common in 1920's and kind of glorified -jazz was the music of choice/ started up in 1920's in New Orleans -the harlem renaissance exposed black culture/story to the world through song, dance, art, books, and poems |
the flapper, bootleggers, speakeasies, jazz, harlem renaissance, crime
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"The Lost Generation"
(1920's) |
-writers such as F.Scott Fitzgerald, H.L. Mencken, Ernest Heminhway who were dicusted by the main stream culture of the 1920's and wrote about it's downfalls. some even exiled themselves to Europe such as Heminhway
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F.Scott Fitzgerald, H.L. Mencken, Ernest Heminhway
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Black movements and the KKK in the 1920's
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-Marcus Garvey ran the United Negro Improvment Association (UNIA) whihc glorified black culture and urged blacks to return to Africa and start again. very radical and aggressive. eventually Garvey was deported to Jamacia and the UNIA ended.
-National Assosiation for the advancement of Colored People (NAACP) led by W.E.B. Du Bois was less radical. intergeation and = treatment -racism continued in the S w/ the KKK. it started back up again w/ a broader spectrum of everyone not protestant and white -KKK collapsed in 1925 due to corruption but was back aft WW2 |
Marcus Garvey, United Negro Improvment Association (UNIA), National Assosiation for the advancement of Colored People (NAACP), W.E.B. Du Bois
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The Scopes Monkey Trail
(1920's) |
-a big thing in 1920's was fundamentalisum vs science or religion vs science
-William Jennings Bryan led motin to band evolution in schools. Tennessee banded it. -John T Scopes then taught evolution and was arrested. defended by Clarence Darrow/ American Civil Liberties Union. prosiction helped by Bryan. Scopes lost but to US public anit-fundamentalisum won the argument |
fundamentalisum vs science
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The Great Deppression
(the crash and Hoovers response) |
-oct 24, 1929= stock market crash=black thursday. Herbert Hoover (pres) had confidence it would rebound but it didn't.
-everything went bad, unemployment hit 25% -eventually Hoover tryed to fix things w/the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, Reconstruction Finance Corp., and the Emergancy Committee for Employment but nothing really helped much (the tariff made it worse) -Hoover had a very do it yourself mentality called "rugged individualism". it's up to US's to pick themselves up. -many US's lived in "hoovervilles" which were tent citys named after hoover |
black thursday, herbert hoover, 25% unemployment, hoovers attitude, hoovervilles
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FDR as pres
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-aft Hoover the ppl wanted change and FDR promised that
-in his 1st 100 day as pres FDR introduced the New Deal that inculded a whole bunch of alphebet policies of gov intervention to help restore the US. -in Fire side chats FDR sent radio brodcast to US ppl about what's going on in the world -aft critisium to New Dealn FDR made the 2nd New Deal w/ more benifits and relief tht were more effective. -biggest thing in 2nd new deal was the creation of socail security -FRD as a demo. also for the 1st time reached new voters like youth, women, and blacks -the new deals began to fade w/ opposition growing + inabiity of FDR's policys to work (1937 ressesion) + court paching scheme -court paching scheme: proposed bill letting him get one more supreme court justice per court justice over 70 (scheme to get more ppl on his side)... rejected. |
The New Deal, 1st 100 days, alphebet policies, Fire Side Chats, 2nd New Deal, social security, court packing scheme
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Popculture and literature in the great deppression
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-most culture = escape for the ppl= humor. 1930's also known as the golen age in radio
-literature often resmbled a desire to return to a simlaur time ie: John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath -popular front (political group) were pro-communisum authors ie:Ernest Hemingway |
raido!, popular front, John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway
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salutary neglect
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-loose enforcement of law by parlimnet of Brit to US
-ended aft french indain war so brit could tax US colionies more |
Brit vs US
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The Proclamation Line
(1763) |
-Passed by Brit
-allowed native americans to settle west of the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania while colionist had to move out if they lived there -this stopped colonial movment |
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The Sugar Act
(1764) |
-create Brit sugar monopoliy in US
-raise revenue for the British gov -allowed brit to come abord and ran-sack any ship |
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The Stamp Act
(March 1765) |
-taxtion on paper goods where violaters = juryless trail= guilty
-US ppl upset! Shouldn't have to pay b/c not under Birt Parliament. Brit says US is "virtually represnted" meaning they condider there wellfare as well -US is like OH NO! created 1st wave of anti-Brit -May 1765 Virginia Resolves made says Parliament has no right to tax US under The Stamp Act -Sons of Liberty came up a violent protest against Brit + huge boycott -Stamp Act Congress help untie come colonies to agree on “no taxation without representation” asked Parliament to repeal stamp act and they did! -brit also passed Declaratory Act gave them right to tax in "all situations what so ever" grrr... |
Virtual Representation, Virginia Resolves, Sons of Liberty, Stamp Act Congress, “no taxation without representation.”, Declaratory Act
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The Townshend Duties
(Revenue Act of 1767) |
-Brit ran low on $ b/c Brits landoners taxes cut by 1/4th. to make up $ brit taxed US glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea (everything ppl need!)
-nothing really gave them a lot of $ but tea. -restarted rebellion againts Brit of US -Letters From a Pennsylvania Farmer = A series of letter published in Penn. chronical about non-legality of Townshed Duties. this brought awarness and inspired a lot of ppl! Boycott! -customs racketeering: Brit salior would confiscate whole ships for non chack personal itmes -protest violence peaked w/ Boston Massacre where Brit sent forses to stem violence but colionist threw rock at them. 5 colionist killed -brit repealed most of twnshed duites, kept tea tax, but US boycotted it anyways |
Letters From a Pennsylvania Farmer, customs racketeering, Boston Massacre
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Committees of Correspondence
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-things between US and Brit cooled down a bit then they ignored us but then tensions rose again when Brit started to pay royal governors (in US) instead of US. This mean we no longer control them = no means to protect our rights
-Samuel Adams had ppl make Committees of Correspondence to protect colonial rights + resist Brits -another sign of unification of colionies |
Samuel Adams
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The Boston Tea Party
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-Parliament passed Tea Act of 1773 which allowed brit tea nerchants to sell directly to ppl= $ lower than smuggled tea (brits really want revenue from tea to pay royal govenors) US hated that.
-protest happened all around but most famouse was Boston Tea Party where ppl dressed as native americans dumped $70,000 tea into Boston Harbor |
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The Intolerable Acts
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-in resopnse to Boston tea party, angry brits put in the The Intolerable Acts which were the four Coercive Acts of 1773 and the Quebec Act.
-four Coercive Acts of 1773: 1:close Boston Harbor till tea $pay back 2:remove some democratic parts of US gov 3:Restricted town meetings 4:any royal charged w/ murder= tried in Brit 5:Quartering Act: ppl must house Brit soldiers -Quebec Act: promoted autocratic rule in quebec region + limmited W ward expansion for colionists |
Boston Tea Party, four Coercive Acts of 1773 , Quebec Act
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The First Continental Congress
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-Sep 1774 all Committees of Correspondence (not georgia) sent rep. to The First Continental Congress abiut the Brit problem
-all agreed on The Suffolk Resolves which denied the Coercive Acts b/c they hurt basic human rights -all agreed on boycott -all agreed on message to King George III (kind of Brit) that Parliament had the power to regulate commerce but not huge taxation & unfair trials to colonists. -fearing Brit retailation ppl created mocal militias |
Suffolk Resolves
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The Battle of Lexington & Concord and The Battle of Bunker Hill
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-ap.1775 US minutemen met and fought Brit troops at Lexington. as Brit troop went on to Concord they meet Bigger US force and lost (US minutemen originaly thought battle be at Concord). Brits drove back to Boston
-nxt night US's =month long siege on Brit strong hold - June of 1775 Brits attacked US stronghold on Bunker Hill. they won but they also had WAY more killed |
minutemen
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Why did America want to become seperate from England?
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We got taxed way to much
See: "it's to late to apologize a declaration" video on you-tube |
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Second Continental Congress
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-at meeting ppl were split, some wanted compleat seperation & some not so drastic. ie: John Dickinson.
- Dickinson wrote Olive Branch Petition to make cease fire but just made king George mad (w/ Bunker Hill and all) and deleared US in rebellion |
Olive Branch Petition, John Dickinson
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The Declaration of Independence
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-George Washington becomes 1st pres (June 1775)
-Thomas Paine’s Common Sense is circling. it talks about US's need to seperate form england to make a new counrty based on liberty (inspiring!) -July 4th Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence is officaly approved. saying: break from England,democratic gov, equality, liberty, justice, and self-fulfillment. |
George Washington, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, Thomas Jefferson, July 4
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Revolutionary War: England vs US
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-Brit: rich, worlds best navy, well rounded army, well staffed, well suplied big pop.
-US: baby nation, no army, poor, little pop, nation divided on if we should even be in the war, half the time fighting against our own... um yeah not so good -but we fight back and w/ gorilla warfare we start to do well. eventually france, spain, and Duch start war w/ brit too and we eventually won (merical!) |
gorilla warfare, france, spain, and Duch
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Whigs vs Tories
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-Whigs: for seperation form Brit and independence
-Tories: Brit loyalists and sympathizers |
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Treaty of Paris of 1783
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Brits recognize US independence and agreed to take out troops. Us borders = along Canada, the Mississippi, and Spanish Florida
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The Revolutionary War
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The Articles of Confederation
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-aft Revolutionary War in attempt to unite a national gov, John Dickinson wrote The Articles of Confederation
-gave gov no power. all the pwer went to state gov. 3 major things went wrong: 1) couldn't get ppl to pay taxes to pay war debt= INFLATION! 2)couldn't controll expansion 3)couldn't keep law and order= Shay's Rebellion:Daniel Shays led 2,000 men against courts so they couldn't foreclose on farms |
Shay's Rebellion
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Virginia vs New Jersey Plan and the Connecticut Compromise
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-in writing new Constiution (b/c Articles of Confederation wasn't working) it became Virginia vs New Jersey Plan
-Virginia Plan: bicameral (two house) legislature w/ rep in both = to pop (favored big states) -New Jersey Plan: unicameral (1 house) w/ each state = # of ppl (favor small states) -So the came up w/Connecticut Compromise: bicameral legislature where: upper house= # of ppl per state, and rep in lower house =proportional to pop. thus creating the house and the Senate today. |
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three-fifths clause/ compromise
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-Should slaves count in Lower house pop seat # thing? Slave states: yes, Non-slave: no...ug.
-three-fifths clause/ compromise= only 3/5ths of slaves counted into pop |
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The Constitution
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-writen in the Constitutional Convention in May 1787
-included: interests of N vs S, big vs small, state vs gov power (gov can now: collect taxes, hv international affairs, & invoke military action against the states) and system of checks and balences -Checks and Balences: three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. making sure one doesn't get too powerful |
checks and balances
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Federalist vs Anti-Federalist
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-Feds= for const and the pwer it gives to the gov, from NE and represented mercantile interests
-anit fed= against const and gov pwer. for Sate power! demanded bill of rights, southern and agrarian -Federalist Papers helped influence ppl to approve constitution |
The Federalist Papers, bill of rights
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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-created the court system!
-federal district court in each state |
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strict constructionists vs loose constructionists
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-Strict: Republicans (no national bank) ie: James Madison, Jefferson, state gov!
-Loose: federalists (bank!) Hamilton, Washington, national gov! -National banks passed berly in February 1791 |
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Whiskey Rebellion
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-showed new gov's strength, took them down!
-farmers revolt over taxes on home made whiskey |
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XYZ affair
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-peace talk in france w/ John Adams
-agents xyand z refused to negotiate till $250,000 for French foreign minister + a $12 million for France -This led up to Quasi War where both side geared up but nothing happened |
Quasi War
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The Alien and Sedition Acts
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-in response to Quasi War and new fed. congress, The Alien and Sedition Acts in place against French support
-Alien Enemies Act: in wartime, U.S. authorities can deport any1 of an enemy nation who's threat to national security -Alien Friends Act allowed the pres to deport any1 of a foreign nation whom he deemed a threat -Naturalization Act:to be a changed requirement for becoming a citizen of US from 5 to 14yrs. -The Sedition Act: NO speak, write, or publish anything of a “false, scandalous and malicious” nature -Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions said oh hecks no! |
Quasi War, Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
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