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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal bp
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<120, <80
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prehypertension
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120-139 ; 80-89
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htn stage 1
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140-159; 90-99
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htn stage 2
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>160; >100
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major cvd risk factors
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htn, obesity, dyslipidemia, dm, cig smoking, physical inactivity, microalbuminuria (gfr<60mL/min), age (m=>55, w=>65
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causes of htn
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sleep apnea, drug induced, chronic kidney disease, primary hyperaldosteronism, renovascular disease, cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, coarctation of the aorta, thryroid/parathyroid disease
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principles of htn rx
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- treat to bp <140/90 OR
- bp<130/80 for patients with dm or chronic kidney disease - majority of patietns will require 2 meds to reach the goal |
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step 1 of htn rx
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lifestyle changes
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if not at bp <140/90; or <130/80, proceed to step 2 -->
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with or without compelling indications
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without compelling indications...
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stage 1 htn --> thiazide for most, but may think of acei,arb,bb,ccb
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stage 2 htn; w/o compelling indications
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2 drug combo --> thiazide + acei OR arb; or BB, or CCB
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compelling indications -->
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heart failure, post mi, high cvd risk, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, recurrent stroke prevention
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heart failure , what drugs?
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thiaz, bb, acei, arb, aldo ant
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post mi drugs ?
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bb, acei, aldo ant
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high cvd risk drugs?
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thiaz, bb, acei, ccb
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diabetes?
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thaiz, bb, acei, arb, ccb
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chronic kidney disease
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acei, arb
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recurrent stroke prevention
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thiaz, acei
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life style changes, weight reduction
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weight reduction --> (bmi of 18.5-24.0) --> lose 5-20mmHg/ 10kg weight
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DASH diet plan
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fruits, veggies and lowfat dairy products and reduced fat and saturated foods --> 8-14mmHg drop
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dietary sodium reduction
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drop Na+ intake to <100mmol/day (2.4g Na+ or 6gm nacl) --> 2-8mmHg drop
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aerobic physical activity
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30mins day --> 4-9mmHg drop
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alcohol consumption reduction
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Men: less than 2 drinks/day
women/lightweights: <1 drink/day --> 2-4mmHg drop |
