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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When do the dorsal columns decussate?
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in the medulla after synapsing on the nucleus cuneatus and gracilis
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Which layer is not pierced in a LP?
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pia, dura and arachnoid are
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What does the STT relay?
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pain and temperature
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What do the dorsal columns relay?
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proprioception, pressure, vibration, touch
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Where does the STT decussate?
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in the ant white commissure of the SC
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What is function of the lateral corticospinal tract?
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descending voluntary movements of the contralateral limb
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What decussates in the caudal medulla?
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lateral corticospinal tract
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What does the lateral corticospinal tract do?
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descending voluntary movement of contralateral limb
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What nerve is composed of the roots of C5-C7?
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long thoracic
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What muscle groups do the axillary and radial nerve do?
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extensors
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What does a radial nerve injury cause?
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wrist drop, loss of triceps and brachioradialis reflex
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What does the radial nerve pass through?
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supinator
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What does the medial nerve pass through?
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pronator teres
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What injury puts the radial nerve at risk?
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shaft of humerus
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What injury puts the medial nerve at risk?
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supracondyle of the humerus
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What actions are lost with a medial n injury?
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pronation, wrist flexion, finger flexion, several thumb movements
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What injury causes claw hand?
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ulnar injury
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What actions are lost with a ulnar n. injury?
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impaired wrist flexion, adduction of wrist and thumb
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Where is the injury to cause ulnar nerve damage?
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medial epicondyl
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Where does the ulnar nerve pass thru?
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flexor carpi ulnaris
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Which muscle is affected by an axillary injury?
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deltoid
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What injury causes axillary n. problems?
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injury to surgical nexk of humerous or ant. dislocation of the shoulder
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What injury is responsible for loss of biceps reflex?
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injury to musculocutaneous
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What muscles are affected by an injury to the musculocutaneous n?
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coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis
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What is Erb-Duchenne Palsy?
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traction or tear of the upper trunck
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What roots are affected in erb-duchenne palsy?
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C5,C6
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What cause a waiter's tip hand?
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traction or tear of the upper trunk
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What is Klumpke's palsy?
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compression of C8, T1
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What does Klumpke's palsy result in?
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claw hand
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What does injury of the peroneal nerve cause?
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foot drop
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What nerve root make up the peroneal n?
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l4-s2
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What nerve roots make up the tibial n?
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L4-S3
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What happend if the tibial n. is damaged?
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can't stand on tiptoes
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What does the tibial n. innervate?
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post compartment, invert foot, plantarflexion
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What is McBurney's point?
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2/3 the way from the umbilicus to the ant sup iliac spine
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What is the moro reflex?
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extension of limbs when startled
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What is the rooting reflex?
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nipple seeking
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What is the palmer reflex?
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grasp objects
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What is the babinski reflex?
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dorsiflexion of lg toe with plantar stimulation
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When will primitive reflexes return?
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with a frontal lobe lesion
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Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?
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IX
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Which nerve innervates the submax and subman glands?
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VII
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Which nerve does ant 2/3 taste?
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VII
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Which nerve does post 1/3 taste?
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IX
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Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the midbrain?
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III,IV
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Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the pons?
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V-VIII
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Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the medulla?
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IX-XII
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What does the nucleus solitarius do?
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visceral sensory information, taste, baroreceptors, gut distention
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What nerves input into the nucleus solitarius?
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VII, IX, X
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What is the nucleus ambuiguus?
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motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus
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What nerves come from the nucleus ambiguus?
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IX,X,XI
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What does the dorsal motor nucleus do?
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Send automonomic fiber to heart, lungs, upper gi
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What comes out the cribiform plate?
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CNI
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What comes out the optic canal?
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CNII, ophthalmic a., central retinal v.
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What comes out the SOF?
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CNIII,IV,V1,V6, ophthalmic v.
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What comes out the foreman rotundum?
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CNV2
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What comes out the foreman ovale?
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CNV3
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What comes out the foreman spinosum?
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middle meningeal artery
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What comes out the internal auditory meatus?
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CNVII,VIII
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What comes out the jugular foramen?
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Jugular v., CN IX,X,XI
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What come out the hypoglossal canal?
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CNXII
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What comes out the foramen magnum?
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spinal roots of CNXI, brain stem, vertebral arteries
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What are the muslces of mastication?
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temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
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Which muscle opens the jaws?
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lateral pterygoid
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What innervates the muscle of mastication?
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V3
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Which is the only glossal muscle not innervated by the hypoglossal n.?
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palatoglossal
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What is the palatoglossal nerve innervated by?
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vagus
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Which palat muscle in not innervated by the vagus?
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tensor veli palatini
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What is the tensor veli palatini innerved by?
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V3
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Describe the pupillary light reflex?
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light-CNII-pretectal area-Edinger Westphal nucleus-CNIII-pupils constrict
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Where is the lesion if a person can comprehend, but has a difficult time speaking?
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broca area
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Where is the lesion if a person can't comprehend, but talks too much?
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wernicki area
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Where is the lesion is a person can't repeat, but can talk and comprehend?
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arcuate fasciculus
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What does a pt have if they are hyperoral, hypersexed, and have disinhibited behavior?
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome with a lesion of the amygdala
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Where is the lesion if a pt neglects to shave the left side of his face?
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right parietal lobe
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What is spatial neglect syndrome?
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agnosia of the contralateral side of the world, injury to parietal lobe
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Where is the lesion that causes an intentional tremor?
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cerebellum
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Where is the lesion that causes a resting tremor?
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basal ganglia
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What is a sudden, jerky, purposeless movement?
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chorea
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Where is the lesion that causes chorea?
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basal ganglia
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What is athetosis?
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slow, wirthing movements usually of the fingers
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Where is the lesion that cause athetosis?
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basal ganglia
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What is it when a pt has sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm?
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hemiballismus
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Where is the lesion for hemiballismus?
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subthalamic nuclei contralateral side
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Where is broca's area?
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inferior frontal gyrus
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Where is wernicke's area?
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superior temporal gyrus
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Where do berry aneurysms occur?
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bifurcation in the circle of Willis
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Where is the most common site of berry aneurysms?
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anterior communicating artery
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What happens when a berry aneurysm ruptures?
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hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage
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What disease are associated with berry aneurysms?
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Adult polycystic kidney dz, Ehlers-Danlos, Marfans
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What are the risk factors for berry aneurysms?
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advanced age, HTN, smoking, race
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Where are most adult brain tumors?
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supratentorial
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Where are most childhood brain tumors?
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infratentorial
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List the three most common adult brain tumors.
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Gliobastoma multiforme, Meningioma, Schwannoma
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What histology is seen with glioblastoma multiforme?
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pseudopalisading tumor cells
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What histology is seen with meningioma?
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spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorled pattern, psammoma bodies
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