Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How does heparin work?
|
catalyzes the activation of antithrombin III
|
|
|
What is the antidote for heparin?
|
protamine sulfate
|
|
|
What is the antidote for warfarin?
|
IV Vit K, fresh frozen plasma
|
|
|
How does warfarin work?
|
interfers with nl synthesis and y-carboxylation of it K-dependent clotting factors
|
|
|
Which anticoagulant can be used during pregnancy?
|
heparin, low molecular weight heparin
|
|
|
How do thrombolytics work?
|
aids in the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
|
|
|
When shouldn't thrombolytics be used?
|
actively bleeding, h/o of intracranial bleeding, surgery, severe HTN
|
|
|
What is the antidote for thrombolytics?
|
aminocaproic acid--inhibitor of fibrinolysis
|
|
|
Which lab value does ASA change?
|
bleeding time
|
|
|
What ADR does clopidogril or ticlopidine have?
|
neutropenia
|
|
|
What is the MOA of clopidogril or ticlopidine?
|
I platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors, prevent glycoptn IIb/IIIa expression
|
|
|
When are clopidogril and ticlopidine used?
|
acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenosis, dec recurrance of thrombotic stroke
|
|
|
How does abciximab work?
|
monoclonal Ab that binds to glycoptn IIb/IIIa R on activated platelets
|
|
|
When is abciximab used?
|
acute coronary syndromes, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
|
|
|
What drug can rescue a pt from myelosuppression?
|
leucovorin
|
|
|
How does methotrexate work?
|
folic acid analog, I dihydrofolate reductase--dec DNA synthesis
|
|
|
What is methotrexate used for?
|
lymphona, leukemia, chorioCA, sarcoma, abortion, ectopic pregnancy,psoriasis
|
|
|
How does 5-FU work?
|
pyrimidine analog, I DNA synthesis
|
|
|
WHat is 5-FU used for?
|
colon CA, solid tumors, basal cell CA of the skin
|
|
|
What are the side effects of 5-FU?
|
myelosuppression, photosensitivity
|
|
|
What can be used to rescue a pt with myelosuppression from 5-FU?
|
thymidine
|
|
|
Which CA drug should not be combined with 6-mercaptopurine?
|
allopurinal, degraded by same enzyme
|
|
|
How does 6-mercaptopurine work?
|
inhibits de novo purine synthesis
|
|
|
What is 6-mercaptopurine used for?
|
leukemia and lymphoma
|
|
|
How does cytarabine work?
|
I DNA polymerase
|
|
|
What do Ptn C and Ptn S do?
|
inactivate V and VIII
|
|
|
What is Ptn C and Ptn S dependent on?
|
vit K
|
|
|
What does antithrombin III do?
|
inactivates thrombin, IXa, Xa, XIa
|
|
|
What activates antithrombin III?
|
heparin
|
|
|
What does a factor V leiden mutation cause?
|
resistance to activated ptn C
|
|
|
What activates prekallikrein?
|
factor XIIa
|
|
|
What activates HMWK?
|
kallikrien
|
|
|
What does bradykinin do?
|
inc vasodilation, perm, and pain
|
|
|
What activates plasminogen?
|
kallikrein
|
|
|
What does kallikrein do?
|
activate plasminogen, activation of bradykinin
|
|
|
What happens when Rh+ blood is transfused into an Rh- individual?
|
massive IgG production
|
|
|
What do incompatible blood transfusions result in?
|
immun response, hemolysis, renal failure, shock, death
|
|
|
When do you see spherocytes?
|
hereditary spherocytosis, auntoimmune hemolysis
|
|
|
When do you see elliptocytes?
|
hereditary elliptocytosis
|
|
|
When do you see macro-ovalocyte?
|
megaloblastic anemia, BM failure
|
|
|
When do you see helmet cell, schistocyte?
|
DIC, traumatic hemolysis
|
|
|
When do you see sickle cells?
|
sickle cell anemia
|
|
|
When do you see teardrop cell?
|
myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis
|
|
|
When do you see acanthocyte?
|
spiny appearance in abetalipoproteinemia
|
|
|
When do you see traget cell? HALT
|
HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver dz, Thalassemia
|
|
|
When do you see poikilocytes?
|
nonuniform shapes in TTP/HUS, microvascular damage, DIC
|
|
|
When do you see Burr cells?
|
TTP/HUS
|
|
|
What four conditions do you see psammoma bodies?
|
papillary adenoCa of thyroid, serous papillary cystadenoCA of the ovary, meningioma, malignant mesothelioma
|
|
|
What is the most common bleeding disorder?
|
von Willebrand's dz
|
|
|
What is the most common Hodgkin's lymphoma?
|
Nodular sclerosing
|
|
|
Who does nodular sclerosis affect?
|
20year old females
|
|
|
What is the prognosis of NS Hodgkin's
|
good
|
|
|
Which Hodgkin's dz has the worst prognosis?
|
lymphocytic deplete
|
|
|
bcl2, t14,18
|
follicular lymphoma
|
|
|
t(11,14)
|
mantle cell lymphoma
|
|
|
What are two lymphomas assoc with childhood?
|
burkitts, lymphoblastic lymphoma
|
|
|
t(9,22)
|
CML
|
|
|
t(8,14)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
|
|
t(15,17)
|
M3 of AML
|
|
|
t(11,22)
|
ewing's sarcoma
|
|
|
What are aure rods?
|
peroxidase positive cyptoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblast
|
|
|
When do you see auer rods?
|
acute promyelocytic leukmeia, M3
|
|
|
What can a release of Auer rods do?
|
DIC
|
