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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Way of the Cross |
- Old Testament has 39 books (some prophets are counted as one, and are not grouped as they were in the Tanakh) -Gosepls are referred to the 4 books: Mathew, Mark, Luke and John. They are written like a biography, and after the death of Jesus. - Total of 66 books (Old and New)- provides the assumption that one is better than the other. |
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The New Testament |
- Written in Greek same as alexander the great imposed. - Jesus of Nazareth: -Synoptic Gospels: Looking at the same time frame, with overlapping stories but with difference to details. Example Gospel of John looked at Jesus from a theological perspective -Mark is the Oldest gospel (Ca 70CE)- was a Jew and knew of the destruction of the temple. -Mathew and Luke (90CE)- used Mark as one source, as well as referring to Quelle. -Messiah: Greek for Christos: makes the created of Christianity. (Jesus = Christ) |
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Jesus: Matters of Historical Verification |
-Jesus lived between 4 BCE and ca30CE -He was born in bethlehem and migrated with his family to Egypt than to Nazareth, then he spent his adult life in Jerusalem -Son of Joseph and Mary -Jesus was either a carpenter or stone worker.The greek word techie could describe either. -At around 30 he became a itinerant preacher. Which means he went from village to village giving lectures. -Had 12 disciples, women followers went to the tomb -Had disputes with the Pharisees whom believe in the Tanakh, and not in Jesus different interpretation |
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Jesus: Matters of Faith |
- Virgin Birth, conception was through the divine/holy spirit -Divinity: Jesus was divine and human -Performed miracles: raising his dead friend -Resurrection from the dead -Ascension into Heaven -Promise of his return and judgment |
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Judaism and Jesus |
Jesus was a Jew:he was born into a Jewish family and community. He lived by the Torah, was circumcised, assisted in scarifies, and passover. Fulfilling Torah: Jesus said he was sent to fulfil the Tanakh. This was disregarded when he healed the man the Pharisees though he was twisting the written and oral interpretations Sabbath: Suppose to be a day of no work, Jesus healed a man on the sabbath. Jesus felt it was healing was more important than upholding a commandment."trouble for a sense of compassion" |
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Jesus and Messiah |
- The Gospel of Matthew opens with the Genealogical history traced to Abraham and the royal (=messianic) line of David and another view of coming from the messiah - Jesus said about the prophetic reading: Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing. This messiah anointing has been filled. He implied that this was what his life was all about. -Gospel means: the good news |
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Central Teaching of Jesus |
1. The Kingdom of God - Beatitiudes, Matthew:“Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven” -Lord’s Prayer (Matthew 6:9-15): Your Kingdom come - Seek God’s kingdom First (Matthew): But strive for the kingdom of God in Righteousness 2. The Greatest Commandment - To love, God, Self, Neighbour and Enemy -Matthew: Jesus silence the Sadducees, the Pharisees gathered and asked him a question, what is the greatest commandment in the law? His response was love God with all your heart, the second is love your neighbour as yourself. -Jesus wanted to assist the poor and the oppressed. (Jesus also discussed Sin,Forgiveness, judgment, and resurrection. He had sayings stating in John that I am the bread, I am the light etc.) |
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The Passion of Jesus |
-Arrest,Trial and Death Sentence -Crucifixion by the Romans (Poncision pilot, he wanted to let go of Jesus, but then gave in) -Resurrection- empty grave, and his appearance again. -Ascension into Heaven ( Belief came about that he will come back and create salvation, otherwise known as judgement day) |
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Life of Paul |
-Second Founder of Christianity -Wrote 7 authentic letters -Known as Saul of Tarsus -Jew, Pharisee and spoke Hellenistic Greek -Persecuted the church:persecute the Jews whom did not believe in the pharisee, he had an enlightenment or interaction with Jesus. He believed that he was the miassah and become a speaker for jesus. -invented the word Judaism -Intra-Jewish Conflict |
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Pauline Theology |
1.Sin and Sins - Sin- Ontological separation between God and Humanity. Power over every person, result is death. Vertical dimension of Sin - Sins: the concrete acts of ethical transgression as result of sin. Horizontal dimension of sin. - Sin creates a separation between God and humans -The deeds of sin manifest themselves in all aspects of existence 2. Salvation -Grace: God’s act of overcoming the power of sin in Jesus the son of God -Faith: The mental (Faith as belief) and concrete appropriation (Faith as active love) God’s act of race -Sin is overcome in Jesus the Christ, SINS must be confessed, forgiven and repaired -Christ= Type of Life, Salvation is not in the Torah 3. Redemption -Concrete acts of faith that address the realm of sins (not sin) -The redemptive life is the immanent (Concrete, real, aspect of the Christian faith -Redemption is a christian’s life of acts of unconditional love toward all people in order to bring healing to our lives disrupted by signs (physical, psychological, ethical, racial, ecological) 4. Parousia (Greek word need coming) -The promise of the return of Jesus Christ.To Judge all humanity, to realize the Kingdom of God, eternal life |
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Early Christianity |
-Apostles Creed: I believe in God, the father almighty, jesus lord, and the holy spirit. -Marion: Excommunicated from church in Rome, Rejected Hebrew bible, and processed the canonization, ( changing of bible) -Tertullian: sceptical of greek thought, introduced the notion of trinity to understand the theological discourse of god. -Justin Martyr: Christian faith is complementary expression of greek philosophy, and therefore they do not conflict. Truth comes from enteral logos (incarnated in christ) -Arius: Jesus was created in time and space therefore he is not eternal, Jesus was liable to commit sins, denied that Jesus was of the same essence as the father. Issue of consubstantiality means of the same substance. -Athanasius: bishop in Egypt, covered the Council of Nicea in 325. Affirmed consubstantiality between father and son. -The Emperor of Constantine: Vision of the cross, made Christianity the official religion. Concept of Religion, politics, and culture. -Augustise of Hippio: made an autobiography called confessions, said that everyone will commit sin - Council of Chalcedon: Question of the nature of Jesus, How can he be both human and divine. (Similar concept to H20. accidems ) Jesus is two natures divine and human. - Council of Nicea: Consubstanitility, jesus is the same substance as the father |
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Medieval Christianity |
-500-1000CE. -King of Franks Clovis became Christian 496. ---Charlemage, 800 crowned emperor of the Roman Empire by pope. Miss-ionizing of Christian tradition in Europe |
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Middle Ages |
-1054 Split between East(Roman) and West (Greek Mythology) -1500's- Split between Catholicism and -Protestantism 1700's Denominations -Byzantine Empire: Eastern Europe, Constantinople |
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The Papcy |
-You are Peter and on this rock I will build my church (matt.16:18) This quote created the legitimization of popes from than until now Latin- Papa=popes=fathers -Ecclesial and theological primacy, authority Pope represents Christ on Earth -battle for power between the popes and political leaders, emperors -Pop Boniface Vlll (1924-1303) issued the papal bulla Unam Sanctam (issuing of a public statement) “We delicate we say we define that every creature is absolutely necessary for salvation to be subjected to the Roman Pontiff” (Claim inaccurate) -Ontological problem being separated from God through Sin. -The babylonian Captivity of the Popes 1309-1377 :The popes relocated to Avignon, France, residence of the popes -Issue: abuse of taxes.. otherwise known as corruption Rome was financed by taxes, due to the mixture of politics. How should Rome distribute it? St. Peters was financed by the taxes, creating a power struggle. They moved to France to get out of the struggle. |
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Monastic Orders |
-They vowed they would live a life of poverty, chastity, and obedience (celibacy) towards their leader. -Benedictines: Benedict (ca 480-550) Founded order in 529 Italy Famous Rules of Faith Spiritual exercised, work, study, prayer Economically self-sufficient Missionary activity in Europe His sister Scholastica (ca 480-543) established women’s order. -Clinic Fathers: Founded by Duke William the Pious in 910 near Cluny, north of Lyon, Built more than 300 monastic homes Church in Cluny was largest in Europe - Cisterns: Reacted against the wealth of the Clunic Fathers Robert of Molesmes Near Dijion austere practice of silence Thomas Merton Wealth should be involved when teaching others about the involvement of christianity in ones life -Mendicant Orders- are the begging orders Reaction against monastic mentality of withdrawal from the world. Service in the world Two emerging needs: poverty, intellectualism Members are men, women, lay people, they were known as friars. -Franciscans: Francis of Assisi (1182-1226)Lived in poverty, beggingKnown by his simple sandalsPreached to the sick, even animalsPreached to Muslims in EgyptPrayer of St. Francis Dominicans: reacted of false doctrine Founded by Dominic Guzman (1170-1221)Albi, Southern FranceGuzman preached against Albigensian dualism (light and darkness)Significance of good doctrineThomas Aquinas was Dominican -Crusades: Pope Urban 11: sermon 1095 Against Muslims and Turks Rome and Constantinople united Crusades 1095-1204 1099 Jerusalem destroyed, rebuilt 1187 Jerusalem fell to Muslims (Saladin) |
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Scholastic (academic) Theology |
-Emergence of Universities (bologna, Paris, Cologne, Oxford, Naples) -Learning brought into a building, subjects (theology, philosophy, physics/astronomy, LAW) and others being paid to teach others. Learning became formal |
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Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109) |
-Faith seeking understanding defined of theology (Faith is assumed not proved) Ontological Proof of God’s existence -God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived of (The being at the top only that being, could make the statement that their is a being greater than it.) -Satisfaction theory: Jesus Christ suffered the Crucifixion as a substitute for human sin, satisfying God due to Christ's infinite merit. -Ransom theory: Salvation is a ransom, taking away the delivery of evil |
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Thomas Aquinas |
-Theology: scientia argumentiva - reasoning and theology were not a contradiction. -Synthesis of philosophy (reason) and theology (revelation) – unity of truth The Five Ways: -(Artisole) Unmoved mover: everything that exists needs to have an origin or a cause, every human/animal comes from a set of parents, can not be infinitely regressed, for anything to exist there needs to be a being, so somewhere there needs to be a cause -(Artistole) cause-effect- when we speak of cause, there must be an effect, it is linked back to the exist of god, or ontological speaking -Contingent/necessary existence: all beings are necessarily dependent, child and parent, tree and water.. only non dependent is the unmoved mover gradation: if we say something is beautiful, than we can compare more or less. it leads to that god is the perfect one -(artistole) Teleological argument- telos is the end, and can also mean purpose. it means that everything in existence, has a specific place or purpose in the overall scheme. |
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Christian Mystics |
-Meister Eckhardt: Reacted against Thomistic theology, God’s spirit unites with/in the human soulPerson loses individuality, gains reality of God“Creatureliness”: negate self in poverty, silence and contemplation - Hildegard of Bingen- Benedictine nunCreative writer, musician, diplomatic in politics,Was known as the “Sybil of the Rhine for her wisdomIn 1141, had vision of heavenly flames come on herWrote Scivias or Know the Ways of God Catherine of Siena (1347-1380) Dominican lay person‘Mystical marriage with God”Wrote DialoguesHelped victims of the Black DeathPolitical, social involvement. -Catherine of Siena: Dominican lay person‘Mystical marriage with God”Wrote DialoguesHelped victims of the Black DeathPolitical, social involvement Julian of Norwich: Lived in EnglandFive hours ecstatic experience, vision of GodRepeated visions of GodAge 50, wrote Sixteen Revelations of Divine LoveEvil is distortion of the Human will; because of the presence of evil, divine love, goodness can be more clearly perceived Teresa of Avila: Spanish Carmelite nunAge 40, vision of God while praying for spiritual perfectionEstablished religious housesIn 1572, reached state of “spiritual marriage”Several writings about prayer and ecstasyThe Interior Castle; life is likened to a crystal mansion in which life increases as one moves to the centre, Christ |
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The Reformation |
- Renaissance means rebirth -Martin Luther: Augustinian monk, law degree. Indulgences of the Roman church, caused him to write 95 theses in 1517. He was excommunicated by the pope, and found refugee in Wartburg. The Diet of Worms in 1521 gave him a chance to take back what he said in the Confession of Augsburg - (2) John Calvin: Humanist, Reformer in Geneva Insititues of the Christian Religion Theocentric theology Double Predestination (God predestinates people to heaven or hell, if everyone lived by christian principles it would be the best city) Theocratic government (3) Huldrich Zwingli:Reorder in Zurich Former Catholic Priest Mass in German (not Latin), need to translate to a language for everyone, removed photos and images of marry Issue of baptism, sin etc, first baptism not okay, then it was. Died in battle against catholics Anabaptists, Radical Reformation Conrad Grebel - interested in his theology, Jan 1525, they re-baptize themselves.. called the anabaptism movement. Strict Following of New testament teaching |
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The Christian Liturgical Year |
Advent - means arrival of coming, otherwise the coming of jesus, is the four Sundays before christmas. Light candles. Christmas- celebration of the birth of jesus. Epiphany - it is told that he was baptized Lent - 40 days later after ash Wednesday, it is a period of self reflection Good Friday - The day jesus was crucified by the romans, and was put in a grave Easter - 3 days later, everything hinges on jesus coming back to life. Sign that all death has been defeated Pentecost - aspect of the trinity… sent his holy spirit into his believers |
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Practice of Christian Faith |
Sacrament: visible sign of God’s visible grace Roman Catholic Church: (7) Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation, penance, anointing the dying, marriage, ordination Protestant Churches: (2) Baptism, Eucharist (Communion, Lord’s supper) Sign or symbol? Baptism. Two different meanings theologically Baptism. Once in a lifetime Child Baptism: grace leads to faith (sign Adult Baptism: faith acknowledges grace (symbol) Lord’s Supper/Eucharist/Communion This is my body? Historic roots: Celebration of Passover Elements: Bread and wine? Body and Blood? (Trans-substantiation: roman-catholic, they believe it is wine and bread as it is jesus blood) Both bread/body and blood/wine (Con-substantiation- at the time when you take them it is different, ) Confession, Repentance, Forgiveness |
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Modernity |
William Wilberforce: Personal life task: abolition of slavery in England First parliamentary speech in 1789- total abolition of the slave trade, we are guilty Annual parliamentary speech- no success Discouraged- encourage by letter Died three days after England officially abolished the slave trade in 1833
-Rise of Democracy - Rise of Science Ludwig Feuerbach The Essence of Christianity Religion is process of self-deception Projection of hopes, fears onto a higher being Since God does not exist religion is an illusion Idea of projection taken further by Marx and Freud Friedrich Nietzsche Bitter scepticism against Christian faith The antichrist, thus spoke zarathustra Religion is irrational, pre-enlightened New humanity, the notion of overman Full affirmation of life God is dead anticipation- we are in a way within our culture have killed god. pushed god out of our realm of being, with science we have pushed out the concept of god. Died in loneliness and mental despair consumer ideology.. is what keeps us unfulfilled. Christianity would look different if people actually followed the teachings Karl Barth Attempt to match Nietzsche seriously Most important 20th century theological Reacted against Cultural protestantism grounded in liberal theology - mingle of religion and science of culture Wrote theological commentary on Romans Taking rational trouble over the mystery The church Dogmatics Professor in Bonn Fierce and open critic of Nazis, expelled by hitler from Germany Professor in Basel Dietrich Bonhoeffer Died in concentration camp because of his active resistance to overthrow hitler Brother, two brothers in law also died Upper Aristocratic Berlin Family Studied philosophy, theology in Berling and Tbingen First doctorate at age 21 second degree age 24 prolific writer Life together: discipleship, letter and papers from prison, ethics Non-violence, pacifism, christ existing as community Ethical borderline situations ultimate question: responsible person is not how to extricate myself heroically from the problem but how the coming generation is to live Liberation Theology Latin american development Gustavo Gutierrez Preferential option for the poor ( poor needs god’s love) Accused of marxist ideology |
