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49 Cards in this Set
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Hezekiah
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King of Judea who showed humility and a devout religious attitude in opposition to previous leaders who set up idols, altars, and temples that worshiped other gods other than the Israelite God. Went to the Temple and stripped his clothes. Asked the prophet Isaiah for guidance. Saved his kingdom from utter destruction by Sennacherib. 2 Kings 18-19
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Cyrus
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(Ezra 1) King of Persia receives a call from God to rebuild the house of the Lord in Jerusalem. He brought back the exiles to Jerusalem and took out the idols that Nebuchadnezzar placed inside the Temple.
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Ark of the Covenant
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The intricately designed object that served as the presence of the glory of God in Jerusalem. Moses received instructions from God to build it. David journeyed with Israelites to bring the ark to Jerusalem. Solomon permanently installed the ark inside Solomon's Temple. The ark was designed with cherubim, floral patterns, pictures of animals, and other entities that represent Creation. Had pillars as well and was made out of wood covered in pure gold.
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Sennacherib
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King of Assyria who showed great pride in his power. Sennacherib's campaign in Judah started because of Hezekiah's rebellion. Imposed large tax to Judeans. Conquered many city-states in the Near East before suffering his biggest blow to the glory of God. He died in Nineveh to the hands of his family. 2 Kings 18-19
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Divided Monarchy
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1 Kings 11-12 The United Monarchy split after Solomon died and became the Divided Monarchy with Jeroboam as the leader. Northern kingdom becomes more powerful than the southern kingdom which used the Davidic kings.
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Holy of Holies
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The most sacred room in Solomon's Temple. It housed the Ark of the Covenant. No person was allowed inside. Pompey inside the Holy of Holies which angered the Jews.
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Hellenism
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(333-63 BCE) The spread of Greek culture onto objects, establishments, and people after Alexander the Great's conquest. Affected Jerusalem for some time by way of Bibles being translated to the Greek language, individuals desiring education in Greek studies, and even establishments that were purposely made to worship Roman gods. Changed cities into a polis.
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Pompey
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Ruler of Rome. Conquers Jerusalem in 63 BCE. Entered the Holy of Holies. Appointed Herod as the "middle-man" to rule Jerusalem since Herod was skilled in the cultures of both Rome and Judaism.
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Persian Period
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539-332 BCE During the early portion, the second temple was built with Persian revenue in order to fortify the western portion to the Greeks. Persians do not want a king. (Ezra, Nehemiah, Haggai, Zechariah)
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Ezekiel
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Prophet who claims he witnessed God and was flown from his home over to the temple in order to see the sins the Israelites at the time had performed in it. He first flies there before the Temple is destroyed. Argues that cherubim represent God and He flown out because of the bloodshed and the priests did not entirely do their job of purifying the temple. Another flight shows him that the temple will be better than ever in Jerusalem.
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Torah
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The first five books of the Hebrew Bible. Known as the Law in some cases. Was supposedly found by Josiah in the temple. This compelled Josiah to lead a reformation that used the Torah as the foundation for his multiple reforms in Jerusalem.
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Hinnom Valley
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Valley located southwest of Jerusalem. Place where Josiah defiled an idol (2 Kings 23).
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Josiah
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Priest? who made reforms for the purpose of bettering the lives of the Jerusalemites. Did not anger the Lord. He took out vessels of other idols from the temple, broke down the high places, destroyed everything that Manasseh and Jeroboam had set up. Commands to the Jews to keep the Passover.
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Jehoiachin
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Took reign of Judah after Jehoiakim died by the hands of the Lord. He did what was evil in the sight of the Lord. He was taken captive by the Babylon ruler Nebuchadnezzar who also captured Jerusalem. He was released from captivity and served as a servant to the king.
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David
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King who conquered Jerusalem and named it the City of David. He is credited for leading the mission to bring the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. He made a census in which angered God, causing Him to lay waste to the land of Israel except for Jerusalem. David went to the threshing-floor of Araunah and bought it in order to create an altar. This saved Jerusalem.
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Samaria
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Area north of Judea.
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City of David
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Another name for Jerusalem.
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Jeroboam
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1 Kings 11-12 Sets up alternative temples without divine sanction in an attempt to lure people and their sacrifices away from Jerusalem to Dan and Bethel. This promotes revenue and is portrayed as a cardinal sin. Basically, introduces cardinal sin in Jerusalem before the destruction of the city. After him is Hezekiah then Manasseh.
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Bronze Sea
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Yam? An object situated inside Solomon's Temple that signified the chaotic waters God had controlled during Creation. Was supported by twelve oxen which signify the twelve tribes of Israel. Element of life. Used to show the temple is the source of life.
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Antiochus IV
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Conquered Jerusalem for some time. Desecrated the Temple by sacrificing a pig on the altar. Outlawed religious practices. Stole things from the Temple. Made the Temple an establishment for Zeus. (Maccabees)
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Babylonian Exile
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An exile of thousands of Jews from Jerusalem into the city of Babylon. After the death of Josiah and the reign of Jehoiachin. Ended after Cyrus defeated Babylon. Caused, according to the biblical writers, due to the Israelites' ignorance of God. (What were the causes and effects?)
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Herod the Great
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A magnificent ruler of Jerusalem who is noted to construct many establishments including a man-made harbor along the coast of his kingdom, a city in Caesarea?, a horse track, a Roman-like amphitheatre and coliseum, and modified temple on the Temple Mount. Eliminated all his enemies (even his family), used Greco-Roman style in Judea but not Jerusalem, employed non-Gentile workers, sensitive to Jewish policies. Increased economic prosperity, wanted to immortalize himself, rebuilt the First Wall, built the Second Wall,
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Temple Mount
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Sacred place located north of Jerusalem. Herod extended the area of the sanctified area, constructed porticoes (Bahat 47), made distinguishable sections for Jews and Gentiles, introduced the Antonia fortress, built his own palace in the Upper City,
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Western Hill
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Place west of the City of David. During the Hasmonean Period, the boundaries of Jerusalem expanded onto this region. This region played an important role of urbanization during the Hasmonean Period.
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Nebuchadnezzar
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King of Babylon. 2 Kings 24 took Jehoiachin captive in Babylon and ordered an exile of Jerusalem into Babylon.
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Decree of Cyrus
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Decree that allowed back Jews into Jerusalem. Ended the Babylonian exile. Allowed Jews to rebuild the temple. (Ezra)
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Solomon
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King who succeeded David. Built Solomon's Temple but later in his life began to worship other gods.
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Judas Maccabee
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Takes over after his father's (Mattathias) death. Defeats Seleucids and instills "Hasmonean" control over Jerusalem. Purifies the temple.
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Apocrypha
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Collection of Jewish texts written between 200-100 BCE; 1-2 Maccabees written ca. 50 BCE; narrative history of the rise and fall of the Maccabees (kings of Jerusalem between 167-63); Attempts to answer the question of why Rome came to involve itself in the politics of Jerusalem in 63 BCE
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Mount Moriah
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Mountain on which Abram had established an axis mundi.
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Jachin and Boaz
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Two bronze pillars located outside the entrance to Solomon's Temple. Had pomegranates and chains. Relate back to the pillars God used to support the sea (Psalms 104, 105)
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Hasmonean
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Occurred after the Hellenistic period during the reign of Judas Maccabeus. There were still signs of Hellenism. A characteristic of this period is the expansion of Jerusalem.
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Alexander the Great
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Instilled Hellenism in Jerusalem.
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Ezra
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Ezra 10. Priest who helped returning exiles commit to following God instead of marrying foreign wives and performing other acts of sin. Expressed great significance to following the Torah.
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Kidron Valley
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Valley located west of Jerusalem.
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Assyrian Empire
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Powerful empire that started its rule in Israel in 745. Policies: "invitation" to accept terms and pay tribute (secede?), brutal warfare, punitive action against rebels, mass deportation of population, relocation of exiles in foreign territory (work force). Assyrian style = surround fortified city instead of Braveheart style. Psychological warfare. Urbanization = walled cities, water systems, no villages, increased population.
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Genesis 22
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God commanded Abraham to go to Mount Moriah with his son as a burnt offering. Abraham and Isaac went up to Mount Moriah and before Abraham killed his son, the angel of the Lord stopped him. Then Abraham names the place "The Lord will provide." Then God says that he will have many offspring. This is God's test of faith for Abraham. This shows that human sacrifice will not be allowed in Israelite culture. Story about sanctifying Moriah.
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2 Samuel 7
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David feels bad that he lives in a house of cedar but God dwells in a tent. The Lord calls out to Nathan saying to tell David that He does not need a house of cedar. He promises to give David a "house" or "bloodline" in order to make his name great. He will have many offspring and his son will be the one to build Him a home. David prays to God thanking Him for everything. David wants to change from tribal society to a monarch society. This text is about Davidic line. Link between Ark of the Covenant and kingship.
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2 Samuel 24
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David commands Joab to take a census after God told David to do so. God becomes angry and then David chooses pestilence for punishment. Before the angel of the Lord hit Jerusalem, the Lord stopped. David went to the threshing-floor of Araunah and paid him fifty shekels to get the land. David built an altar there with burnt offerings. The pestilence went away.
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1 Kings 6
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Solomon begins to build a temple. God says to him that if he keeps the commandments then He will keep over the people of Israel. Solomon lined the inner sanctuary with gold. An altar in the inner sanctuary was made of gold as well. Two cherubim inside the inner sanctuary. Engraved carvings of cherubim and palm trees. He did this in the month of Ziv (2nd month) and finished in the month of Bul (8th month) after seven years.
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1 Kings 7
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Jachin and Boaz, bowls on top of the pillars, pomegranates, bronze sea, oxen under the bronze sea. Solomon brought his father's things (silver and gold) to the temple.
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1 Kings 8
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Solomon brought elders and leaders of tribes to help bring the ark of the covenant out from the city of David and into Solomon's Temple. The priests brought the ark of the covenant into the inner sanctuary. Solomon prays to the Lord then makes burnt offerings.
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2 Kings 21
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Manasseh becomes the exact opposite of Hezekiah because he makes idols, altars on high places, worships other gods, and sacrificed his own son (relates to Genesis 22). This sacrifice also points to Manasseh worshiping another God. God proclaims that because of Manasseh He will bring disaster to Jerusalem.
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2 Kings 22
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Josiah is one of those Kings of Judah that did not anger the Lord but showed his devout lifestyle. He tells his secretary Hilkiah to go to the temple to collect the money and give it to the workers. Hilkiah returns with the Torah. The Torah is read to Josiah and he reacts by ripping his clothes and stating that his past ancestors of Israel have angered the Lord by not following His commandments. They go to see a prophetess who states that the land will be punished severely but Josiah will rest in peace without seeing his kingdom in waste.
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2 Kings 23
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Josiah brought elders of Judah and Jerusalem to go with him to the temple. He read the Torah there and then made a covenant with the Lord to follow Him. Josiah then ordered there to be no more idols, altars, or sacrifices for other gods. Then Josiah said to keep the Passover, but God still said He will burn Judah like He did previously to Israel.
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1 Maccabees 1
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Alexander the Great defeated the Persian king. He conquered many places before dying. Renegade Jews started to observe Gentile ordinances. A gymnasium was built, circumcision was removed, and the covenant was ignored. Antiochus raided Jerusalem and took many objects from the Temple including utensils, the altar, bowls, and vessels. Jerusalem was ransacked by the people of Antiochus. There was much bloodshed around the temple area. Antiochus ordered the people to be one with a new religion. Jerusalemites began to follow this by worshiping other idols. Others sticked to the Law of Moses.
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1 Maccabees 2
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Mattathias mourned about how the city of Jerusalem was once a holy city but has now turned evil with much bloodshed to the faithful. He was confronted by a king's officer to worship with the Gentiles but Mattathias refused and killed a Jew who had sacrificed and the officer. Mattathias fled with his sons and brothers to a hiding-place across from Jerusalem. Many joined and they encamped together in order to worship the Israelite God. Problems arose as the king's army attacked them on the sabbath. Mattathias makes a bold statement to attack whoever attacks them on the sabbath day. Mattathias and his army attacked. They killed sinners, tore down the altar, and circumcised boys. Mattathias dies after saying to his sons to follow the Law of Moses.
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1 Maccabees 3
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Judas Maccabeus followed in his father's footsteps of bringing back the holy city of Israel. He took away idolatry and punished evildoers. Judas Maccabeus claimed the strength of Heaven is stronger than that of a Gentile army.
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1 Maccabees 4
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Judas and his army defeated an army of Gentiles. Judas took priests to help him cleanse the Temple on Mount Zion. They took away the Gentile things in the Temple. Judas restored the altar, the inner sanctuary, and new vessels. He blessed the Temple with sacrificial offerings and a crowd of Jews played songs for celebration.
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