Jeopardy For Exam #5

Front 1

an attck of this disorder occurs when uric acid crystals are deposited in the joint and initiate an inflammatory response

Back 1

gout

Front 2

an elderly, fair skinned, white female with asmall bones is at risk for this disorder of the skeletal system

Back 2

osteoporosis

Front 3

at age 25, a womean develops an autoimmune disorder caused by destruction of acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction that blocks transmission

Back 3

myasthenia gravis

Front 4

attacks of this disorder ofren occur at night with pain that in the great toe that is so severe it can be caused by a sheet touching the toe

Back 4

gout

Front 5

calcium and/or phosphate deficiency are the main causes of this skeletal disorder

Back 5

osteomalacia

Front 6

characterized by the formation of autoantibodies that either damage tissue directly or combine with immune complexes to damage tissue. damage affects almost every body system

Back 6

systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 7

excessive bone turnover, disorganized osteoid formation and increased osteoclast formation lead to bone reabsorption and bowing of bones

Back 7

Paget's disease

Front 8

hand involvement is usually bilateral and symmetric

Back 8

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 9

persons with this disorder often have a butterfly rish on the face and can have glomerular nephritis, pleural effusion, arthralgias and arthritis

Back 9

systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 10

polyarthritis, stone facies, and Raynaud phenomenon are seen commonly in this autoimmune disorder

Back 10

systemic sclerosis/scleroderma

Front 11

polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affects 5 or more joints within ? months of the disease

Back 11

6

Front 12

the joints most frequently involved in this disorder are the fingers, wrists, knees and feet

Back 12

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 13

the pain associated with this arthrisis is made worse by activity and usually relieved by rest. Crepitus and grinding occur when the joint is moved

Back 13

osteoarthritis

Front 14

this arthritis commonly occurs in the knee, hip, foot and spine and is characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage

Back 14

osteoarthritis

Front 15

thie autoimmune disease of connective tissue is characterized by excessive collagen deposits in the skin and internal organs

Back 15

systemic sclerosis/scleroderma

Front 16

this autoimmune disorder affects primarily females and is more common among Asians, African Americans and Latin Americana

Back 16

system lupus erythematosus

Front 17

this complication of a fracture occurs in areas where there is little soft tissue between bone and skin and increases risk of infection

Back 17

fracture blisters

Front 18

this complication of a fracture occurs when there is swelling in a limited space

Back 18

compartment syndrome

Front 19

this condition is common to all metabolic bone diseases and is characterized by loss of bone madd greater than expected for age, race and sex

Back 19

osteopenia

Front 20

this condition usually occurs after age 50, causes increased risk of fractures and is characterized by bone resorption exceeding bone formation

Back 20

osteoporosis

Front 21

this bone disorder is a systemic inflammatory disease producing synovitis leading to destruction of the articular cartilage and underlying bone

Back 21

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 22

this disorder of the skeletal system occured when a 80 year old whit female with osteoporosis fell getting out of bed

Back 22

hip fracture

Front 23

this fracture complication is thought to be caused by fat being released from bone marrow or adipose tissue at the site of the fracture

Back 23

fat embolism syndrome

Front 24

this hereditary disorder of the musculoskeletal system is characterized by extreme bone fragility and abnormal collagen synthesis and tooth development

Back 24

osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 25

this is the most prevalent arthritis and leading cause of pain and disability in the elderly

Back 25

osteoarthritis

Front 26

bone tumor that occurs in those younger than 20 and causes deep localized pain with nighttime awakening

Back 26

osteosarcoma

Front 27

bone tumor that occurs in middle to later in life and is often painless

Back 27

chondrosarcoma

Front 28

bone tumor that occurs in children and young adults, commonly caucasian males and is found in the diaphysis of the femur

Back 28

Ewing sarcoma

Front 29

juvenile skeletal disorder that is an osteonecrotic disease of the femoral epiphysis. causes avascular necrosis of bone and marrow

Back 29

Legg-Calve-Perthe Disease

Front 30

juvenile skeletal disorder that involves microfractures of the patellar tendon that inserts into the tibia causing pain at the front of the knee with inflammation of the tendon

Back 30

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Front 31

this disorder of the skeletal system causes brittle bones, short limbs, soft cranium, thin skin, blue/grey sclera, abnormal tooth development and double jointedness d/t deficient collagen

Back 31

osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 32

inability of the kidney to activate Vit D and excrete phosphate

Back 32

Renal rickets

Front 33

the failure or delay of the calcification of the growth plates in children caused by lack of sun exposure, decreased Vit D, Calcium or phosphate intake

Back 33

Rickets

Front 34

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints of the spine manifested by pain and progressive ascending stiffening of the spine. causes kyphosis, uveitis, weightloss and extension of the neck

Back 34

Ankylosing spondylitis

Front 35

this juvenile idiopathic arthritis affects one but no more than 4 joints and is predominantly in the lower extremities

Back 35

oligioarthritis/pauciarticular arthritis

Front 36

this JIA affects small and large joints and causes fever, weightloss, malaise, stunted growth, organomegaly and lymphadenopathy

Back 36

polyarthritis/ polyarticular arthritis

Front 37

this JIA has prominent visceral involvement which causes lymphadenopathy hepatosplenomegaly and high fever

Back 37

systemic-onset disease

Front 38

a 29 year old woman develops visual, speech and gait disturbances and paresthesias of the face

Back 38

multiple sclerosis

Front 39

a 30 year old woman develops ptosis of the eyelid and difficulty chewing and swallowing, and difficulty climbing stairs

Back 39

myasthenia gravis

Front 40

a 57 year old male patient presents with slowly progressive weakness and atrophy of distal muscles

Back 40

amytrophic lateral syndrome

Front 41

a 70 year old male patient is seeking care for the development of slowed speech, uncontrolled sweating and excessive salivation

Back 41

parkinson's disease

Front 42

a child, who previously had no difficulty walking, begins falling frequently at age 2 and is confined to a w/c by age 7

Back 42

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Front 43

a degenerative disorder of the basal ganglia with progressive destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway

Back 43

Parkinson's Disease

Front 44

a patient visits a health care provider because after having influena like illness, weakness developed in the ankles and is moving up the legs

Back 44

Guillian-Barre syndrome

Front 45

a patient with a spinal cord injury at C2 becomes constipated, develops HTN, bradykinesia, flushed skin and profuse sweating above the level of the injury

Back 45

autonomic dysreflexia

Front 46

a patient with a spinal cord injury at C3 develops severe HTN, goose bumps and pale skin

Back 46

autonomic dysreflexia

Front 47

a patient with a T4 spinal cord injury complains of dizziness and blurred vision when being transferred from the bed to the bedside commode

Back 47

postural hypotension

Front 48

a progressive neuromuscular disorder that affects men twice as often as women and develops in middle to late adulthood 55-60 years

Back 48

amytrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 49

a quadriplegic patient is transferred from the bed to the wheelchair and develops severe bradykinesia

Back 49

vasovagal response

Front 50

a teenage boy, who constantly plays computer games with a joy stick develops this mononeuropathy

Back 50

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 51

a woman with myasthenia gravis becomes pregnant and has to be placed on a ventilator

Back 51

myasthenia crisis

Front 52

a worker at FedEx lifts heavy packages and turns to put them on the conveyer belt. He develops lower back pain that spreads down the back of his legs and over the sole of his foot

Back 52

intervertebral disk disorders

Front 53

an elderly woman with osteoarthritis of the cervical spine is losing motor function of her upper extremities

Back 53

central cord syndrome

Front 54

characterized by resting tremor, muscle rigidity, shuffling gait and bradykinesia

Back 54

Parkinson's Disease

Front 55

following a stroke, a patient complete loss of muscle function on 1 side of the body

Back 55

Hemiplegia

Front 56

freezes in place while walking, difficulty initiating walk and difficulty turning

Back 56

Parkinson's Disease

Front 57

Guillian-Barre syndrome is an example of a

Back 57

polyneuropathy

Front 58

respiratory and cardiac muscle involvement usually are the cause of death in young adulthood

Back 58

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy

Front 59

this autonomic nervous system disruption in persons with spinal cord injuries at T4 to T6 and above is triggered when a patient is moved from the supine to sitting position or sitting to standing position

Back 59

vasovagal response

Front 60

this autonomis nervous system dysfunction that occurs in persons with spinal injuries at T6 and above is triggered by a full bladder or rectum, stimulation fo pain receptors (during dressing change etc.) and visceral contractions

Back 60

autonomic dysreflexia

Front 61

this neuromuscular disease is caused by demyelization of nerve fibers in the central nervous system

Back 61

multiple sclerosis

Front 62

this type of peripheral nerve damage is usually the result of partial or complete recovery of function

Back 62

mononeuropathy

Front 63

vagus nerve stimulation in quadriplegia results in what abnormal heart rate

Back 63

bradycardia

Front 64

this neuropathy is associated with rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, agromegaly and diabetes mellitus

Back 64

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 65

demyelination of nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve

Back 65

multiple sclerosis

Front 66

complete loss of blood flow to the spinal cord with a resulting infarction

Back 66

spinal cord shock

Front 67

damage to a hemisection of the anterior cord and posterior cord causing loss of position sense ipsilateral and loss of pain and temperature contralateral

Back 67

Brown-Sequard syndrome

Front 68

caused by a decreased O2 delivery to the brain

Back 68

hypoxia

Front 69

caused by decreased blood flow to the brain

Back 69

ischemia

Front 70

water and plasma leave the capillaries and move to the extracellular fluid around brain cells

Back 70

vasogenic edema

Front 71

complications of spinal cord injuries are ?

Back 71

DVT, edema and skin integrity

Front 72

water intoxication and severe ischemia lead to

Back 72

cytotoxic edema

Front 73

blood, brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid

Back 73

intracranial pressure volumes

Front 74

volume increased by vasodilation of cerebral vessels or obstruction of venous outflow

Back 74

blood

Front 75

volume increased from brain tumor, edema and bleeding into tissue

Back 75

brain tissue

Front 76

volume increased by excess production, decreased absorption or obstruction of circulation of outflow of CSF

Back 76

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 77

the mean arterial blood pressure must be higher than this pressure or blood will not be delivered to the brain

Back 77

intracranial pressure

Front 78

earliest and one of the most reliable signs in increased ICP

Back 78

decreased level of consciousness

Front 79

if brain herniates downward, it

Back 79

causes disruption of cardiac and respiratory function and death, bilateral small reactive pupils and involves the brainstem

Front 80

a primary injury to the brain followed by a second injury opposite the first injury

Back 80

coup contracoup

Front 81

a skull fracture in which bone fragments are embedded into the brain tissue

Back 81

depressed

Front 82

momentary loss of brain function with or without loss of consciousness

Back 82

mild head injury

Front 83

brain injury caused by stretching and tearing that usually result from sudden acceleration and deceleration of the brain

Back 83

diffuse axonal injury

Front 84

these injuries, when combined with hypoxic ischemia can lead to permanent vegetative state

Back 84

severe brain injuries

Front 85

a bruise on the cortical surface

Back 85

contusion

Front 86

causes tearing of blood vessels, brain tissue, and nerves from contact with the rough inner surface of the skull

Back 86

epidural hematoma

Front 87

these two brain injuries cause permanent damage

Back 87

sever & mechanical

Front 88

occurs between the dura and arachnoid in the subarachnoid space

Back 88

subdural hematoma

Front 89

caused by a tear in a small bridging vein

Back 89

subdural hematoma

Front 90

manifestations are rapid unconsciousness, ipsilateral pupil dilation and contralateral hemiparesis

Back 90

epidural hematoma

Front 91

hemorrhage that can occur in any lobe of the brain but most frequently occurs in the frontal or temporal lobes

Back 91

traumatic intracerebral hematoma

Front 92

in deteriorating brain function, respiratory changes progress from yawning and sighing to __________, followed by __________ and finally to __________ respirations

Back 92

cheynes stokes, hyperventilation, ataxic

Front 93

flexion of the arms, wrists, fingers adduction of the arms, plantar flexion of the feet and internal rotation of the legs and feet

Back 93

decorticate posturing

Front 94

rigid extension of the arms and legs, palms turned away from the body, plantar flexion of the feet

Back 94

decerebrate posturing

Front 95

with deteriorating brain function, the pupils first react _________ to light then become ___________ and _________

Back 95

briskly, unresponsive & dilated

Front 96

this eye movement will be present if the brain stem is intact but absent if the brain stem is not intact

Back 96

Doll's Head Eye Movement

Front 97

this type of stroke is caused by an interruption of blood flow

Back 97

ischemic stroke

Front 98

this type of stroke can be caused by bleeding into the brain

Back 98

hemorrhagic stroke

Front 99

focal ischemia neurologic deficits last less than 24 hours and usually only 1-2 hours

Back 99

transient ischemic attack

Front 100

strokes of this type occur most frequently in elderly persons who have atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic heart disease and/or arterial peripheral vascular disease

Back 100

Large vessel stroke

Front 101

this type of stroke causes pure motor hemiplegia, pure sensory hemiplegia, dysarthia with clumsy hand syndrome

Back 101

small vessel stroke

Front 102

this type of stroke progresses rapidly to coma, if often fatal and is when the person is active

Back 102

hemorrhagic stroke

Front 103

a person with a history of atrial fibrillation, a recent MI or rheumatic heart disease is at risk for this type of stroke

Back 103

cardiogenic embolic stroke

Front 104

a patient with an aneurismal subarachnoid will often state that he/she had what?

Back 104

the worst headache of their life

Front 105

probably arises from failed capillary development in the embryonic brain

Back 105

arteriovenous malformations

Front 106

meningitis and encephalitis can both be caused by

Back 106

viruses

Front 107

the cause of this type of seizure is unknown

Back 107

unprovoked

Front 108

the cause of this type of seizure is known

Back 108

provoked

Front 109

begins and stays confined to one side of the brain and there is no loss of consciousness or loss of responsiveness and they may have an aura

Back 109

simple - partial seizure

Front 110

a seizure that begins in one hemisphere of the brain and spreads to the other hemisphere. consciousness is lost but there isn't any motor involvement

Back 110

complex-partial seizure

Front 111

both hemispheres are involved, there is unconsciousness and bilateral, symmetric motor response

Back 111

secondarily generalized partial

Front 112

characterized by short term memory loss, random forgetfulness social withdrawl and loss of sense of humor

Back 112

initial changes in Alzheimer's disease

Front 113

produces extreme confusion, globally impaired cognititve function, disorientation and wandering

Back 113

moderate disease of Alzheimer's disease

Front 114

characterized by apathy, incontinence and inability to organize thoughts time and belongings

Back 114

severe disease of Alzheimer's disease

Front 115

produces difficulty switching and organizing tasks and inability to organize thoughts, time and belongings

Back 115

vascular dementia

Front 116

occurs in chronic alcoholism, is reversible by adding thiamine to the diet, characterized by nystagmus, ataxic gait and confabulation

Back 116

Wernicke-Korsokoff syndrome

Front 117

a genetic disorder characterized by chronic, progressive chorea

Back 117

Huntingtons disease

Front 118

hemorrhage, brain injury and infections cause this type of edema

Back 118

vasogenic edema

Front 119

the pressure that is the difference of mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure

Back 119

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

Front 120

if ICP reached or exceeds MABP, perfusion becomes inadequate causing

Back 120

cellular hypoxia and neuronal death

Front 121

2 causes of hydrocephalus are

Back 121

1. Noncommunicating - obstruction of CSF flow
2. Communicating - impaired absorption of CSF

Front 122

this type of traumatic brain injury is caused by motor vehicle accidents, assaults and include diffuse axonal injury

Back 122

Direct or primary injuries

Front 123

this type of traumatic brain injury is caused by brain swelling, infection or hypoxia and includes concussion, contusion and contracoup injuries

Back 123

Secondary injuries

Front 124

as brain function deteriorates, pupillary reflexes __________. if pupillary reflex is absent, ___________ is involved

Back 124

dilates, brain stem

Front 125

with this type of ischemic stroke, thrombi develop in atherosclerotic blood vessels causing aphasia, visual field defects and transient blindness in one eye

Back 125

large vessel stroke

Front 126

with this type of ischemic stroke, the occlusion of cerebral artery causing pure motor hemiplegia, disarthia-clumsy hand syndrome

Back 126

small vessel stroke

Front 127

with this type of ischemic stroke, its caused by a moving clot travelling to the brain; has sudden onset with maximum deficits and can occur to patients with atrial fibrillation, recent MI or rheumatic heart disease

Back 127

cardiogenic embolic stroke

Front 128

this is a congenital defect of the vessel wall that is caused by a ruptured cerebral aneurysm; sudden onset with n/v dizziness accompanied by "worst headache of their life" and may have loss of consciousness

Back 128

aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 129

a generalized seizure that causes a split-second loss of muscle tone

Back 129

atonic seizure

Front 130

a generalized seizure that has bilateral muscle jerking and violent muscle contraction

Back 130

myoclonic seizure

Front 131

a generalized seizure that has tonic contraction of muscles with immediate loss of consciousness

Back 131

tonic-clonic seizure

Front 132

seizures that do not stop spontaneously or occur in succession; these are a medical emergency and may lead to respiratory failure and death

Back 132

generalized convulsive status epilepticus

Front 133

caused by an infectious prion

Back 133

Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease