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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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īnsula, -ae, f.
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island
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lingua, -ae, f.
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tongue, language
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umbra, -ae, f.
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shadow, shade, ghost
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parvus, -a, -um
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little, small
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dō, dare, dedī, datum (*)
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give
Note: Notice that dō and stō do not have the same kind of perfect stem as the other first conjucation verbs. Dō and ded- (instead of dāv-) and stō has stet- (instead of stāv-). Dō is also irregular in that the -a of its stem is short except in the present active second person singular: dās, but damus, datis, dabam, dabō, etc. |
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stō, stāre, stetī, stātum (*)
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stand, stand still
Note: Notice that dō and stō do not have the same kind of perfect stem as the other first conjucation verbs. Dō and ded- (instead of dāv-) and stō has stet- (instead of stāv-). |
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crās (adv.)
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tomorrow
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herī (adv.)
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yesterday
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hodiē (adv.)
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today
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ibi (adv.)
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there, in that place
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modo (adv.)
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only, just; just now
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-ne (*)
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The enclitic particle -ne, asks a yes-or-no question.
Nāvigābisne ad Asiam? Will you sail to Asia? |
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nōnne (*)
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when -ne is attached to nōn, making nōnne, it ask a question which expects the answer Yes.
Nōnne nāvigābis ad Asiam? Won't you sail to Asia? |
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num (*)
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The particle num, which comes at the beginning of the sentence, expects the answer No, or expresses some surprise or indignation on the part of the speaker.
Num nāvigābis ad Asiam? You won't sail to Asia, will you? Surely you won't sail to Asia? |
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utrum (*)
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The particle utrum is used when a queston requires one answer or the other. In such a question "or" is expressed by "an", or "not" by "annōn".
Utrum nāvigābis ad Asiam an Eurōpam? Will you sail to Asia, or to Europe? Utrum nāvigābis ad Asiam annōn? Will you sail to Asia, or not? |
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aut (*)
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or
Aut is the usual word for "or" in statements, but when aut is used to connect questions it is best translated by "and". Nāvigābisne ad Asiam? aut oppidane ibi spectāvis? Will you sail to Asia? and will you look at the towns? |
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vel (*)
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or, or even, or possibly
Vel in statements means or, or even, or possibly. In questions it is used with -ne if the answer could be yes or no. Nāvigābisne ad Asiam vel Eurōpam? Will you sail to Asia or (possibly) to Europe? |
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an (*)
annōn (*) |
An and annōn are used with utrum if the question could not be answered yes or no.
Utrum nāvigābis ad Asiam an Eurōpam? Will you sail to Asia, or to Europe? Utrum nāvigābis ad Asiam annōn? Will you sail to Asia, or not? |
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aut . . . aut
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either . . . or
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vel . . . vel
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either . . . or (possibly)
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et . . . et
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both . . . and
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