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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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144. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis under microscope and Type I vs. type II?
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a. Subendothelial immunocomplexes w/granular immunofluorescence.
b. Type I - “tram-track” appearance due to GBM splitting caused by mesangial ingrowth. Type I is associated w/HBV and HCV. c. Type II - “Dense deposits” Type II is associated w/C3 nephritic factor. d. Note: can also present as nephritic syndrome. |
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145. Calcium kidney stones (75-85%)?
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a. Radiopaque
b. Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or both. c. Conditions that cause hypercalcemia (cancer, ↑ PTH) can -> hypercalciuria and stones. |
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146. What can Calcium Oxalate crystals result from?
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a. Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) or vitamin C abuse.
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147. Ammonium magnesium phosphate stones (15%) cause and what significant pathology do they cause? (radiopaque)
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a. Infection w/urease-positive or radiolucent bugs (proteus mirabilis, staph, phosphate Klebsiella).
b. Can form STAGHORN calculi that can be a nidus for UTIs. c. Worsened by alkaluria. |
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148. Uric acid renal stones (5%)?
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a. ONLY Radiolucent stone
b. Strong association w/hyperuricemia. c. Often seen in diseases w/↑ cell turnover, such as leukemia. |
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149. Cystine renal stone?
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a. 1%
b. Radiopaque. c. Most often 2º to cystinuria d. Hexagonal. e. Treat w/alkalinization. |
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150. Where does Renal Cell Carcinomas originate- what cell?
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a. Renal tubular cells -> Polygonal clear cells.
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151. With what is there ↑ incidence of renal cell carcinoma?
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a. Smoking and obesity.
b. Most common in men 50-70. |
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152. Presentation of renal cell carcinoma?
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a. Haematuria
b. Palpable mass c. 2º polycythemia d. flank pain e. fever f. weight loss. |
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153. With what paraneoplastic syndromes is renal cell carcinoma associated?
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a. Ectopic secretion of:
1. EPO 2. ACTH 3. PTHrP 4. Prolactin |
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154. How does renal cell carcinoma spread?
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a. Invades IVC and spread hematogenously.
b. Mets to lungs and bone. c. It is the most common renal malignancy. |
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155. With that gene and what syndrome is renal cell carcinoma associated?!?
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a. Gene delation in chromosome 3p (3p) VHL gene.
b. “VHL like NHL- so 3P for 3 pucks in a hat-trick. c. Associated w/von Hippel-Lindau |
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156. Most common renal malignancy of early childhood (2-4 yo)?
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a. Wilm’s tumour (nephroblastoma).
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157. How does Wilm’s tumour present and what does it contain?
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a. Presents w/huge, palpable flank mass and/or hematuria.
b. Contains embryonic glomerular structures |
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158. Genetic cause of Wilm’s tumour?!?
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a. Deletion of tumour suppressor gene WT1 on Chromosome 11 (11p)
b. May be part of WAGR complex. |
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159. WAGR complex?
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a. Wilm’s tumour
b. Aniridia – Absence of iris. c. Genitourinary malformation d. mental-motor Retardation |
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160. Most common tumour of urinary tract?
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a. Transitional Cell carcinoma.
b. Can occur in renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder |
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161. Presenting sx of Transitional Cell Carcinoma?
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a. Painless hematuria suggests bladder cancer.
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162. With what 4 things is Transitional Cell Carcinoma associated “Pee SAC”?
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1. Phenacetin
2. Smoking 3. Aniline dyes 4. Cyclophosphamide |
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163. What structures are affected by acute pyelonephritis and presentation?
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a. Cortex w/relative sparing of the glomeruli/vessels.
b. Presents with: 1. Fever 2. CVA tenderness 3. Nausea 4. Vomiting |
