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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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252. How is Yersinia enterocolitica usually transmitted and what does it cause?
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a. From pet feces (eg. Puppies)
b. Contaminated milk or pork. c. Outbreaks of Diarrhoea!! are common in day care centres d. Causes Mesenteric adenitis that can mimic Crohn’s or appendicitis!!!. |
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253. H. pylori?
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a. Causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers.
b. Risk factor for: 1. Peptic ulcer 2. gastric adenocarcinoma 3. lymphoma. |
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254. H. pylori characteristics?
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a. Gram negative rod
b. Urease positive (eg urease breath test) c. Creates alkaline environment. |
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255. H. pylori tx?
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a. Triple therapy!
1. Metronidazole, bismuth (Pepto-Bismol) and either a. Tetracycline or amoxicillin. 2. More costly: Metronidazole, omeprazole, clarithromycin |
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256. Spirochetes?
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a. Spiral-shaped bacteria w/axial filaments and include:
1. Borrelia (big size) 2. Leptospira 3. Treponema b. Only Borrelia can be visualized using aniline dyes (Wright’s or Giemsa stain) in light microscopy. |
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257. How is Treponema visualized?!?! (syphilis)
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a. Dark-field microscopy.
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258. Leptospira Interrogans?
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a. Question mark-shaped bacteria found in water contaminated with animal urine.
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259. Leptospirosis sx?
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a. Flu-like sx.
b. Fever c. HA d. Abdominal pain e. Jaundice f. Photophobia with conjunctivitis. g. Most prevalent among surfers in the tropics. |
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260. Weil’s disease?
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a. Icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis
b. Severe form w/jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfunction c. Fever, haemorrhage, anaemia. |
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261. Cause of Lyme disease?
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a. Borellia burgdorferi, transmitted by the Ixodes tick (also vector for Babesia).
b. Mice are important reservoirs. c. Deer required for tick life cycle. |
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262. Presentation of Lyme disease?
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a. Presents w/erythema chronicum migrans
b. Expanding bull’s eye red rash w/central clearing. c. Affects joints, CNS, and heart. |
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263. 3 stages of Lyme disease?
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a. Stage 1: erythema chronicum migrans, flu-like symptoms.
b. Stage 2: Neurologic (Bell’s palsy) and cardiac (AV nodal block) manifestation. c. Stage 3: Chronic monoarthritis, and migratory polyarthritis. |
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264. Syphilis cause?
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a. Treponema pallidum.
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265. Primary syphilis presents with?
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a. Painless chancre (localized disease)
b. Tx. Penicillin G. |
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266. Secondary syphilis presents with?
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a. Disseminated disease w/constitutional symptoms:
i. Maculopapular rash (Palms and soles) ii. Condylomata latea. iii. May treponemes are present in chancres of primary and condylomata lata of secondary syphilis. b. Secondary = systemic. |
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267. Tertiary syphilis presents with?
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a. Gummas (chronic granulomas)
b. Aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction) c. Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis) d. Argyll Robertson pupil. |
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268. Signs of Tertiary syphilis on PE?
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a. Broad-based ataxia
b. Positive Romberg c. Charcot joint d. Stroke w/out HTN. |
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269. Screen and Confirm for syphilis?
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a. Screen: VDRL
b. Confirm with: FTA-ABS (uses Abs specific for Treponema pallidum). |
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270. Congenital syphilis?
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a. Saber shins
b. Saddle nose c. CN VIII deafness d. Hutchinson’s teeth e. Mulberry molars. |
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271. Argyll Robertson Pupil?
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a. Accommodates but doesn’t react.
b. Associated w/tertiary syphilis |
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272. VDRL false positives?
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a. VDRL detects nonspecific antibodies that rect w/beef cardiolipin.
b. Used for syphilis but false positives include: 1. Viruses (mono, hepatitis) 2. Drugs 3. Rheumatic fever 4. Lupus and Leprosy c. VDRL^. |
