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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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31. What does PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) stain and what disease is PAS used to diagnose?
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a. Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides.
b. Used to diagnose Whipple’s disease (Tropheryma whippelii). |
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32. Spirochetes?
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a. Leptospira
b. Borrelia c. Treponema |
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33. No cell wall?
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a. Mycoplasma.
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34. Mycoplasma outer layer?
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a. Contain sterols and have no cell wall.
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35. Mycobacteria?
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a. Contain mycolic acid.
b. High lipid content. c. Stain acid fast. G+ rod. |
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36. Stain used for Legionella because it doesn’t gram stain well?
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a. Silver stain.
b. Primarily intracellular |
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37. Mycobacteria stain?
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a. Acid-fast (high lipid content cell walls requires acid-fast.
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38. How to view Treponemes?
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a. Darkfield microscopy and fluorescent antibody staining.
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39. Why doesn’t chlamydia gram stain well and require giemsa?
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a. Intracellular parasite
b. Lacks muramic acid in cell wall. |
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40. What is Ziehl-Neelsen used to stain?!?
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a. Acid-fast organisms.
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41. What is India ink used for?
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a. Cryptococcus neoformans (mucicarmine can also be used to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red).
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42. What is silver stain used for?
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a. Fungi (e.g. pneumocystis).
b. Legionella. |
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43. Media used for H. influenzae?
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a. Chocolate agar w/factors V (NAD+) and X (Hematin).
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44. Media used for N. Gonorrhoea?!?!?
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a. Thayer-Martin (or VPN) media
1. Vancomycin inhibits G+ organisms. 2. Polymyxin inhibits G- organisms. 3. Nystatin- Inhibits fungi. b. “to connect to Neisseria, please use your VPN client”. |
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45. Media used for B. Pertussis?
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a. Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar (Bordet for Bordetella).
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46. Media used for C. diphtheriae?
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a. Tullurite plate, Loffler’s media.
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47. Media used for M. Tuberculosis?
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a. Lowenstein-Jensen agar.
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48. Media used for M. Pneumoniae?
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a. Eaton’s agar.
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49. Media used for lactose-fermenting enterics?
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a. Pink colonies on MacConkey’s agar (fermentation produces acid, turning plate pink).
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50. Media used for E. coli (also a lactose-fermenting enteric but different)?
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a. Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar.
b. Grows as blue-black colonies w/metallic sheen. |
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51. Media used for Legionella?
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a. Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered w/cysteine.
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52. Media used for Fungi?
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a. Sabouraud’s agar. (and silver stain for isolation).
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53. Obligate aerobes? Nagging Pests Must Breathe
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1. Nocardia
2. Pseudomonas 3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 4. Bacillus. |
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54. Where is P. AERuginosa seen?
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a. It is an AERobe seen in burn wounds, nosocomial pneumonia, and pneumonias in Cystic Fibrosis pts.
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55. Obligate Anaerobes? anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air.
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a. Clostridium
b. Bacteroides c. Actinomyces. |
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56. What do obligate anaerobes lack?
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a. Catalase and/or superoxide dismutase and are thus susceptible to oxidative damage.
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57. Obligate anaerobes characteristics?
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a. Foul smelling (short-chain fatty acids)
b. Difficult to culture c. Produce gas in tissue (Co2 and H2). |
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58. What abx are ineffective against anaerobes and why?
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a. Aminoglycosides because they require O2 to enter into bacterial cell.
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59. 2 Obligate intracellular bacteria?
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a. Rickettsia and chlamydia
b. Can’t make own ATP. |
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60. Facultative intracellular bacteria (7) “Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLy ?
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1. Salmonella
2. Neisseria 3. Brucella 4. Mycobacterium 5. Listeria 6. Francisella 7. Legionella |
