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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antepartum |
Before birth |
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Polyhydraminos |
Excessive amount of amniotic fluid |
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Oligohydraminos |
Decreased volume of amniotic fluid during a pregnancy. |
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Abruptio |
Bleeding during pregnancy |
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What ages are most at risk for pregnancy complications. |
Less than 16, greater than 35 |
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Gestation periods |
Less than 37: Premature Between 37 and 42: Term Greater than 42: Post-term |
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What are considered the essentials for delivering a baby. |
Bulb syringe 2 clamps Sterile scissors Warm and dry blanket |
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What can happen if you do not keep the baby below the placenta or clamp the umbilical cord. |
Polycythemia: an abnormally high red blood cell count. |
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What are some of the medications used during the resuscitation of a newborn. |
Epinephrine: 0.1mg/mL 1:10,000 Normal Saline 10% Dextrose 250mL |
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What do you suction first and why. |
Mouth to avoid aspiration |
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How do you position the newborn after delivery. |
Make sure the head is slightly lower than the rest of the body. |
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How long should it take for the baby to turn pink? |
5 minutes |
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What is the APGAR score |
Helps record the condition of the newborn at birth. |
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What happens if the APGAR score is less than 7 after 5 min. |
Reassess every 5 min for 20 min. |
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Who created the algorithm for assessing a newborn. |
The American Academy of Pediatrics and American Heart Association. |
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What should a newborns heart rate be. |
At least 100 beats per minute. |
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When should you provide positive pressure ventilation. |
Pulse greater than 60 and less than 100. |
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When should you administer chest compressions. |
Heart rate less than 60. |
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Acrocyanosis |
The presentation of extremities turning blue due to decrease in oxygen caused by constriction of the arterioles. |
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Central Cyanosis |
Bluish coloration of skin due to the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobins near the surface of the skin. |
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How should you treat a newborn who is apneic. |
Positive Pressure Ventilation |
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After suctioning, how should you attempt to stimulate a newborn. |
flick the sole of the feet and rub the back. |
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Choanal Atrasia |
Blockage in the narrow passage way. Has had since birth. |
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Pierre Robin Sequence |
When the tongue tends to fall back and downward with a soft cleft palate. |
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Micrognathia |
small lower jaw |
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Glossoptosis |
When the tongue tends to fall back and downward. |
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Macroglossia |
Large tongue size |
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When to use an oral airway in a newborn. |
Bilateral atresia Pierre Robin Sequence Macroglossia Craniofacial defects |
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When is a bag mask indicated. |
Apneia Inadequate respiratory effort Pulse less than 100 |
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What is the correct ventilation rate for a newborn. |
40 to 60 breaths/min |
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When is intubation indicated on a newborn. |
Meconium stained fluid, with the newborn not vigorous. No response to BVM Prolonged PPV is needed. Craniofacial defects impede the ability to maintain airway. |
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If your protocol does not allow intubating a newborn |
Insert a orogastric tube. |
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What can cause a Pneumothorax in an infant. |
Inhales meconium. Lung is weakened by infection. |
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What are signs of a Pneumothorax. |
Severe respiratory distress unresponsive to PPV. Unilateral decreased breath sounds. |
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Where do you insert the needle for decompression. |
Above the edge of the second rib. |
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Hypoxic Ischemic Encepholopoly |
Damage to cells in the central nervous system due to asphyxia |
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When should you provide dextrose to a newborn. |
When their BGS is less than 40. |
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What can persistent vomiting in newborns indicate. |
Upper digestive tract infection Increased intercranial pressure |
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Esophageal Atresia |
Failure to develop a distal lumen. |
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Pathogenic Gastroesophageal Reflux |
Causes the infant to vomit shortly after feeding. |
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Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) |
Stomach muscles contract forcibly to overcome the obstruction. Vomit is usually brown or coffee colored. |
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Malrotation |
Congenital anomaly of rotation of the midgut. Vomit is bile stained. |
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Intestinal Atresia or Intenstinal Stenosis |
When the bowel may have not developed well (atresia) or narrow (stenosis) |
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Meconium plug |
Last segment of colon fails to relax. Causes mechanical obstruction. |
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Hypopituitarism |
A condition in which the pituitary gland does not produce normal amounts of some or all of its hormones, can be congenital. |
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Panhyopituitarism |
The inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones. |
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von Willebrand disease |
The most common heritable disorder or coagulation; its presentation can mimic hemophilia A. |
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
Inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal gland. |
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What are some common toxidromes. |
Mental status Pupillary changes Skin CTC Gastrointestinal activity Abnormal odors. |
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What is the child abuse mnemonic |
C: Consistency with childs age H: History inconsistent with injury I: Inappropriate parental concerns L: Lack of supervision D: Delay in seeking care. A: Affect B: Bruises U: Unusual injury patterns S: Suspicious circumstance E: Environmental Clues |
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What are some medical conditions that mimic bruises. |
Pupura Petechiae |
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What is the leading cause of death among children younger than a year. |
Trauma
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What type of trauma is the leading cause of death in pediatric patients. |
Blunt Trauma |
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What are some signs and symptoms of a Pneumothorax |
Tachycardia Difficulty ventilating JVD Hyperresonance to percussion Tracheal Deviation Pulsus Paraxodus |
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What is the treatment for a fever. |
Look for life threats, and supportive care if none are found. |
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What are some life threats with a fever. |
Petechial Rash Purpuric Rash Bulging fontanelle in an infant. |
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How do you treat a trauma victim. |
Consider warm fluids, oxygen, and warm blanket. |
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What is the first line drug for anti-convulsant therapy. |
Diazepam |
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What is the major side effect associated with benzodiazepines. |
Respiratory depression |
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Which benzo can be administered intranasally? |
Midazolam |
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True or False A child who is seriously ill will always be agitated and show clear signs of distress. |
False |
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A sunken anterior fontanelle in an infant suggests meningitis or a head injury. |
False |
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Grunting is a sign of respiratory distress in patients. |
True |
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One of the best ways to assess a pediatric patients oxygenation status is to |
Evaluate the work of breathing.
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What is the federally funded program created more than 20 years ago in an effort to reduce child disability. |
EMSC |
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How is inserting an oral airway different in a child. |
It is inserted in an inverted manner, and then flipped over into the correct position. |
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What blade is preferred in a pediatric patient. |
Straight blade |
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What type of child abuse has the greatest incidence? |
Neglect |
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An abnormal defect or fissure in the upper lip that failed to close during development. |
Cleft Lip |
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What risks should be a concern with a decreased volume of amniotic fluid. |
Oligohydraminos |
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A condition of severly deficient supply of oxygen to the body leading to end organ damage. |
Asphyxia |
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Pinching or narrowing of the aorta that obstructs blood flow from the heart to the systemic circulation. |
Coarctation of the aorta CoA |
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When the umbilical cord presents itself outside of the uterus while the fetus is still inside. |
Prolapsed Cord |
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Congenital |
Present at birth |
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A narrowing or blockage of the nasal airway by membranous or bony tissue. |
Choanal atresia |
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A hole in the septum Seperating the ventricles Allowing blood from the left ventricle to flow into the right ventricle. |
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) |
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A substance formed in the lungs that helps keep the small air sacs or alveoli from collapsing and sticking together; a low level in premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome. |
Surfactant |
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Bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface. |
Central Cyanosis |
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Intermittent outward movements of the nostrils with each inspiration; indicates an increase in the work needed to breathe. |
Nasal flaring |
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An injury of childbirth affecting the spinal nerves C7, C8, and T1 of the brachial plexus. |
Klumpke Paralysis |
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What part of the spinal cord affects C5 and C6. |
Erb Palsy |
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A congenital condition in which part of the bowel is narrow. |
Interstinal stenosis |
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Damage to cells in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) from inadequate oxygen. |
Hypoxic ischemic ecephalopathy. |
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When asphyxia continues after primary apnea, infant responds with a period of gasping respirations , falling pulse rate, falling blood pressure. Positive-pressure ventilation is indicated to reverse secondary apnea. |
Secondary Apnea |
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Respiratory pause greater than or equal to 20 seconds. |
Apnea |
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Narrowing of the pulmonary valve. |
Pulmonary Stenosis |
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A decrease in the amount of oxygen delivered to the extremities. The hands and feet turn blue of narrowing of small arterioles toward the end of the arms and legs. |
Acrocyanosis |
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Low or poor muscle tone (floppy) |
Hypotonia |
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Seizure activity that involves more than one site, is asynchronous , and is usually migratory. |
Multifocal Seizure |
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Decreased volume of amniotic fluid during a pregnancy; a risk factor associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract, postmaturity, and intraurterine growth retardation. |
Oligohydraminos |
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A condition present at birth marked by a small lower jaw. The tongue tends to fall back and downward, and there is a cleft soft palate. |
Pierre Robin Sequence |
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Delayed transition from neonatal circulation |
Persistent pulmonary hypertension. |
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A condition in which stomach acid rises into the esophagus on a regular or frequent basis, potentially causing irritation and damage; a common cause of vomiting. |
Pathogenic Gastroesphageal Reflux (GER) |
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Dus |
Ductus Arteriosis becomes the ligamentum arteriosa |
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What APGAR score should you to continue to reassess the infant for up to 20 min. |
less than 7 |
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Even though most arrests are a respiratory related for neonates, what is the acronym to follow. |
CAB |
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What is the age thesholds |
Infant: Less than one year Child: One year to Puberty Puberty: Female: Breast development Male: Armpit Hair |
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Recommended shock level |
First Shock 2 Joules/ kg Second Shock 4 Joules/ kg After:At least 4 Joules/kg not to exceed 10 Joules/kg |
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asdf |
Increase work of breathing Rate Effort |
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asdf |
Accessory muscle use Grunting |
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What is the 2nd most common cause of cardiac arrest. |
Shock |
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Most common type of shock for a infant? |
Hypovolemia |
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Early signs of shock |
Tachycardia Cool and Pale distal extremities Cap refill greater than 2 sec Weak peripheral pulses |
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Cuffed and Uncuffed for pediatrics |
Cuffed 4 +(age/4) UnCuffed3.5 + (age/4) |
