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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What year ended the Swing Era and big bands of NYC?
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1939 [World War II]
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How long was the jazz recording hiatus?
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Three years
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New York musicians felt _____ about dance-only jazz, and they wanted a more ______ style.
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1. General unrest
2. Experimental |
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What was the product of jazz musician's general unrest with dance/swing style?
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Bebop or "bop"
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The musicians ____ the people and the people _____ the musicians' new style.
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1. rejected
2. rejected |
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What was introduced with bebop?
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Attitude
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Do you need to be a virtuoso to play bebop?
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Basically, yes
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Bebop is harmonically very simple/complex.
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Complex
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Bebop is a functional art/non functional art.
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Nonfunctional art.
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Bebop is everything big band is ___.
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Not.
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What are the characteristics of bebop?
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Small player group
Long solos that everyone took No dancing |
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What kind of tunes were played by bebop artists?
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Improv over chord changes
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What was the most famous nightclub in Harlem that also played bebop?
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Minton's Playhouse
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Dizzy Gillespie was a pioneer of bebop. What did he play?
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Trumpet
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Charlie Parker was a pioneer of bebop. What did he play?
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Saxophone
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Thelonious Monk was a pioneer of bebop. What did he play?
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Piano
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Kenny Clarke was a pioneer of bebop. What did he play?
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Drums
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Charlie Christian was a pioneer of bebop. What did he play?
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Electric guitar
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Jimmy Blanton was a pioneer of bebop. What did he play?
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Bass (first bass soloist)
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Bud Powell was a pioneer of bebop. What did he play?
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Piano
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Who wrote A Night in Tunisia?
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Dizzy Gillespie
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T/F: Dizzy Gillespie was a famous trumpet player, the most talked about bebop artist, and attained celebrity status
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True
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T/F: You don't need to be a virtuoso to play Dizzy Gillespie's music. It's quite easy.
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False
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Was herion use very high among jazz bebop artists?
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Yes, except Dizzy
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Who did bebop artists get recognition from because they were such virtuosos?
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Western Classical artists
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In what time period did jazz music become a teachable subject?
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1950's
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What is the term for jazz when academics became involved and thus gave it an entirely new atmosphere?
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Cool jazz
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The nature of bebop was sacrificed to make room for what kind of characteristics?
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laid back, calm, unemotional
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Cool jazz was considered a type of ____ music.
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Chamber
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Cool jazz was performed in ____ and not ____.
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Concert halls
Bars |
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Cool jazz was taught in universities, so it had to be ____, _____, and ______.
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Analytical
Theoretical Harmonic |
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Bebop ____ jazz, and cool jazz made it _____.
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Killed
Uninteresting |
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What could be now used in cool jazz due to the invention of PA systems?
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Classical instruments (like flutes)
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What are some characteristics of cool jazz?
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Odd time signatures, classical instrumentation, analyzing with Western classical standards
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Who was cool jazz launched by?
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Miles Davis
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Ethnic music was introduced to jazz to make what kind of style?
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Bossa Nova
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Cool jazz was popular. Why?
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It was dance-able and bebop wasn't.
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Bebop was intimidating. It ____ musicians and their listeners.
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alienated
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Hardbop surfaced in what time period?
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1950's
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What was the GOAL of hardbop music?
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Take it back to the roots, gospel, rhythm, blues. All had been taken out by cool jazz.
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What kind of rhythmic texture did hardbop have?
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Homophonic
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Horace Silver was a pioneer of hardbop. Which band did he play with?
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Art Blakey's jazz band, The Jazz Messengers
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What was the goal of Art Blakey's The Jazz Messengers?
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Bring back the audience that had been lost to rhythm and blues. Also was a teacher of young musicians.
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What is the one instrument that is recognizable as hardbop?
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Hammond B3 Organ
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Who was responsible for the jazz organ fad?
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Jimmy Smith
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Who are the 2 famous sax players featured in this era?
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1. Sonny Rollins
2. John Coltrane |
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Who are the 2 famous guitar players featured in this era?
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1. Kenny Borrel
2. Wes Montgomery |
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What did Miles Davis do for jazz music?
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Radically changed it multiple times
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What did Miles Davis do in 1949?
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Released "The Birth of the Cool"
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What did Miles Davis do in 1959?
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the modal period
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What did Miles Davis do in 1969?
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semi-free jazz period, jazz without rules or boundaries, studio electronics
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In what year did Miles Davis retire?
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1975
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In what year did Miles Davis come out of retirement? What kind of music did he begin experimenting in?
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1980
Jazz Rock |
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What music style was Miles Davis about to launched when he died in the early 90's?
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Acid Jazz
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What one characteristic is a signature of Miles Davis?
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Using a Harmon mute
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Who was Gill Evans?
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Miles Davis's arranger and piano player
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T/F: Miles Davis was the highest paid jazz artist, black or white.
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True
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T/F: Miles Davis was a great composer.
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False
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T/F: Miles Davis is a sound innovator and one of the greatest jazz legends to ever live
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True
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John Coltrane was a jazz great. What instrument did he play?
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Tenor sax
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What instrument did Coltrane bring to jazz?
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Straight soprano sax
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What is Coltrane known for solo-wise?
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Intensity and long solos
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What are multiphonics? And who pioneered it?
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John Coltrane - playing more than one note at a time on a single note instrument
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John Coltrane was one of the first to dabble in free jazz. What is it?
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Tunes with no particular key or form or even song
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T/F: Coltrane was a very serious musician, and took his craft very seriously
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True
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What was the least popular form of jazz to date?
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Bebop
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Who wrote the hit cool jazz piece Take 5?
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Dave Brubeck
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Who is responsible for the 4 Brother's sound?
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Jimmy Juffre
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Hardbop is like bebop but ___ ____ ____ ___ _____.
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You can dance to it!
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What is 3rd Stream Jazz?
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A combination of classical and jazz. Either took classical and arranged it for jazz with improv OR took jazz and added classical instruments and elements
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The Modern Jazz Quartet played what kind of music?
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3rd Stream hybrid jazz
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The Modern Jazz Quartet did what that was unique?
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Played with an actual orchestra
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Sonny Rollins got his start in ___, later went on to ____, and finally ____.
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Bebop
Cool Jazz Hardbop |
