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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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8va
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plan an octave above what is written
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8vb
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Plany an octave lower than written
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a tempo (tempo primo)
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return to the previous tempo
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Accelerando
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gradually quicken tempo
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al fine
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An indication to the performed to repeat a compoistion either from the beginning (da capo), or from the end dal segno symbol, to the placed marded fine (the end of the composition).
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allegro
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fast, cheerful; 120-168
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andante
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moderately slow or walking pace; 76-108
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animato
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animated with spirit
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Acro
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with the bow
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bacchanale
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a dramatic musical composition, often depicting wild, riotous behavior
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bariolage
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a broken chord passage technique where the bow rapidly changes strings to create an arpeggiated effect
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coda
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literally means the tail, a paasage added to confirm the ending
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col legno
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use the wood
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Compound meter
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meter in which each beat is divisble by three rather than two
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con
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with
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8va
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plan an octave above what is written
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8vb
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Plany an octave lower than written
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a tempo (tempo primo)
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return to the previous tempo
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Accelerando
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gradually quicken tempo
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al fine
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An indication to the performed to repeat a compoistion either from the beginning (da capo), or from the end dal segno symbol, to the placed marded fine (the end of the composition).
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allegro
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fast, cheerful; 120-168
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andante
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moderately slow or walking pace; 76-108
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animato
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animated with spirit
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Acro
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with the bow
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bacchanale
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a dramatic musical composition, often depicting wild, riotous behavior
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bariolage
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a broken chord passage technique where the bow rapidly changes strings to create an arpeggiated effect
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coda
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literally means the tail, a paasage added to confirm the ending
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col legno
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use the wood
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Compound meter
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meter in which each beat is divisble by three rather than two
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con
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with
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counterpoint
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two of three lines playes at the same time
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da capo
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bask to the beginning of the piece, indicated by D.C.
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dal segno
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go back to the sign and must go to the coda if indicated
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divisi
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outside player plasy the top note and the inside player plays the bottom note
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Expressivo
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a directive to play with emotiion
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fermata
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to hold a tone or rest held beyond the written value at the discretion of the performer
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glissando
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a rapid slide
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harmonics
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Individual pure sounds that are part of any musical tone, in the string instrumnets, crystalline tones in the very high register, produced by lightly touching a vibrating string at a certain point
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hemiola
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rhythmic feature wich implies the feeling of 3-2 or 2-3
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Interval
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distance and relationship between two pitches
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largo
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broad, very slow, 40-60, slowest tempo
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Leading tone
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the 7th degree of a scale always 1/2 step below the name of the key
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Lento
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slowly
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maestoso
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majestical
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Marcato
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marked, accented, emphasized, stressed
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melody
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succession of single tones or pitches perseived by the mind as a unity
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Meter
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measure of time
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meno
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less
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Moderato
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moderate 108-120
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mosso
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motion
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molto
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much, very much a great deal, extremely
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monophony
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singly-line texture, or melody without accompaniment
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non divisi
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all players play all notes
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ossia
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a directive to perform a certain passage of a composition in an alternative way. Alternate way is directed in the music
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ostinato
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a shor melodic, rhythmic, or harmoic pattern that is repeated throughout a work or a section of one
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overture
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an introductory movement, as in an opera ofter presenting melodies from music to come. also an orchestral work for concert performance
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piu
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more
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pizzicato
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pluck the string with the finger
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poco
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a little
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polyphony
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two of more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture, as distinct from monophony
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sempre
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always
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sezura
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stop playing and watch the conductory for the next beat
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soli
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performed by the entire section
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solo
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executed by a singly performer
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staccato
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short, detached notes, marked with a dot above them
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stürmisch
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play in a stormy style
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sul ponticello
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a directive to perform the indicated passage of a composition by bowing the strings as close to as possible to the bridge of an instrument
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sul tasto
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a directive to perform the indicated passage of a composition by bowing the strings close to or directly over the fingerboard of the instrument
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symphony
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an extended piece for full orchestra, usually serious in nature and in several movements, early 18th century to present
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tango
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a Latin dance that originated in Argentina in the early 20th century. It is in a moderately slow 2-4 meter
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Tempo
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the speed of the rhythm of the composition
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larghetto
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60-66
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adagio
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66-76
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presto
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168-200
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prestissimo
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200-208
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tenuto
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a directive to play a certain note or chord of a composition in a sustained manner for longer than its full duration
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tonic
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the first and main note in a key
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tremolo
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playing the note over and over within te indicated note value, can me measured or unmeasured
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tutti
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"all" the opposite of solo
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unison
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interval between two notes of the same pitch, the simultaneous playing of the same note
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vavace
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lively, brisk manner
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vivo
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faster tha vivace
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volit subito
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turn the page quickly (v.s.)
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Medieval era dates
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500-1450 ad
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early middle ages
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500-1100 ad
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500-1100
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early middle ages
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Gothic period, late middle ages
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1100-1450 ad
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1100-1450
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gothic period
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Renaissance era
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1430-1600
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Renaissance saw
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arrival of modes similar to our modern major and minor scales, and of tonal harmony
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Renaissance is characterized by
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smooter, more charming melodies, rich, many voiced, imitative harmonies, brilliant energy, and lively ornamentation
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Renaissance instruments
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lute, viol, crumhorn
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Renaissance composers
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Palestrina, de Lassus, Byrd, Gibbons, de Victoria, Weekles, Morley, Farnaby
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Baroque era date
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1600-1750
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Baroque characterized by
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ornamentation, use of basso continuo, application of the doctrine of affections
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Baroque composers
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Gabrieli, Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Bach, Handel
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Classical era dates
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late 18th cent to early 19th cent
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Classical composers
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Haydn, Mozart, early Beethoven
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Classical town
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Vienna
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Classical characterized by
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periodic structure, expanded and developed length
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Romantic era dates
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end of Classical to 1900
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Romantic charcterized by
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great large ensembles, great dynamic fluctuations from fff to ppp, less tonal and melodic tunes, more discordant, atonal pieces, and immerse, long compositions.
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Romantic prominent instrument
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piano
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Romantic composers
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Chopin, Liszt, Schumann, wagner, Brahms, Berlioz, Schubert
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