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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sutures of the cranium? |
Coronal= borderline between frontal bone and parietal Sagittal= separates head lengthwise, between parietals Lambdoid= borderline between parietal and occipital in back |
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Cranium is supported by... |
Cervical vertebrae 1-7: C1 vertebra"atlas" (allows up and down motion) & C2 vertebra "axis" ( allows "no" motion of head") (note: you can palpate C7 along the spine when someone flexes their head foreward aka vertebra prominens) |
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Facial expressions controlled by which cranial nerve? |
CN VII- the facial nerve |
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A mneumonic for the 12 cranial nerves: On, Old, Olympus, Towering, Tops, A, Friendly, Viking, Grows, Vines, And, Hops Name the 1st 3... |
CNI: Olfactory Nerve- smell
CNII: Optic Nerve- use snellen chart/visual field CNIII: Oculomotor Nerve- see if they can follow ur finger in a "T" shape (10-2 o'clock, 6'o'clock) |
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A mneumonic for the 12 cranial nerves: On, Old, Olympus, Towering, Tops, A, Friendly, Viking, Grows, Vines, And, Hops
Name the next 3... |
CNIV: Trochlear Nerve- follow ur finger @ 7 and 5 o'clock
CNV: Trigeminal Nerve- sensation of anterior tongue and regions in picture, clench jaw, do blink test CNVI: Abducens Nerve-> follow ur finger @ 3 and6 o'clock |
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A mneumonic for the 12 cranial nerves:
On, Old, Olympus, Towering, Tops, A, Friendly, Viking, Grows, Vines, And, Hops Name the next 3... |
CNVII: Facial Nerve- furrow brow, clench eyes shut, smile, puff cheeks out
CNVIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve- march in place with eyes closed, rinne and weber test CNIX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve- sensation of posterior tongue and do a swallow or gag test |
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A mneumonic for the 12 cranial nerves:On, Old, Olympus, Towering, Tops, A, Friendly, Viking, Grows, Vines, And, Hops
Name the last 3... |
CNX: Vagus Nerve- cough and "ahhh" test
CNXI: Accessory Nerve- turn head left/right against mild resistance CNXII: Hypoglossal Nerve- protrude tongue test |
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Glands of the face |
Parotid= largest, anterior to/below ear. not normally palpable, if it is, consider mumps vs cancer vs AIDS OR duct obstruction from diuretics/anticholinergics Submandibular= below angle of jaw Sublingual= below tongue |
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What blood vessel supplies the face (begins below angle of jaw, ascends to become temporal artery) |
The external carotid artery which stems from the common carotid. Note: the internal carotid and internal jugular run under the sternomastoid muscle whereas the external jugular lies over this. |
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What are the muscles of the neck and what nerve supplies them? |
Trapezius (head extension) and sternomastoid (head rotation/flexion)--> CN XI (spinal accessory) |
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The sternomastoid muscle connects from clavicle to behind ear bilaterally. This forms what? |
the anterior triangle and posterior triangle |
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Describe the thyroid glands position |
Straddles trachea with it's isthmus (bridge) over the 2nd and 3rd rings, this connects its two lobes. |
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What 3 things lie superior to the thyroid gland? |
First the cricoid cartilage then further up is the thyroid cartilage, way up in the neck is the hyoid bone |
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Normally the thyroid's not palpable but if you can feel it... |
Suspect goiter, Graves Disease is most common cause If you feel hard/non-tender nodules on thyroid you have to rule out cancer |
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Give a rough approximation of the face/neck lymph nodes |
Range from front of ear to behind, down neck to below clavicle, and run under the jaw (submental area) |
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What are the only four parts of the body where lymph nodes can be palpated? |
1) head/neck 2) axillae 3) inner/under arms 4) inguinal area Note that a child's lymph nodes are more easily felt than a baby's or and adult's |
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Describe 3 abnormal lymph node findings and what they imply (remember greater than 1 cm lymph node = lymphadenopathy) |
1) Enlarged/tender = acute infection 2) Hard/non-tender = cancer vs HIV vs hodkins lymphoma 3) Unilateral, supra-clavicular, hard/non-tender = concern for neoplasm in thorax or abdomen |
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When do the posterior and anterior fontanels close in a baby? |
Posterior @ 1-2 months Anterior @ 9 months-2 years Note: @ 6yrs old, head will be 90% its final size, at this age you can stop head circumference measurements |
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What characterizes a tension headache? |
pain is usually frontal or posterior with "band-like" tightness Poor posture/depression/anxiety precipitate these |
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What characterizes a migraine? |
Pain tends to be above/behind eyes into temple/cheek area. Often has N/V with vision changes. Laying down helps Note: Stress letdown, pre-menstruation, chocolate/cheese consumption, and ETOH precipitate these |
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What characterizes a cluster headache |
Pain is unilateral, typically same place, with nasal symptoms...occurs one or two times per day for .5hr-2hrs for a couple months then go into remission for several months. People with this often feel the needs to move to alleviate pain as opposed to laying down. Note: Stress, ETOH, and environmental exposure often precipitate these. |
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Nuchal rigidity with fever should concern you for? |
meningitis vs encephalitis |
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True vertigo is... |
labrinthine-vestibular apparatus disease |
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Objective vertigo is... |
Person feels like the room is spinning |
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Subjective vertigo is... |
Person feels like they are spinning |
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Bells palsy aka "pirate face" is... |
Lower portion of CN VII damage/inflammation but always consider stroke as a possibility and rule it out |
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Caput succeduaneum vs. cephalohematoma? |
Caput S. = normal head coning from birthing Cephalohematoma = bleeding under scalp from birth trauma, this equals greater risk for jaundice but generally resolves |
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Describe the tonic neck reflex in infants |
Baby turns head to side when flat, arm/leg on same side of turn extend, while extremities of other side flex. If baby's positive after 5 months, suspect brain injury. |
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What is a senile tremor? |
Benign, signs include head nodding and some tongue protrusion |
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Paget's Disease is... |
Lower leg bowing and frontal bone overgrowth, usually in those over 80yrs, vertigo/progressive hearing loss possible |
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Acromegaly is... |
Excess growth hormone from anterior pituitary large jaw/nose/forehead |
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Torticollis is.. |
"twisted neck". most common is chin pulled toward the shoulder. Symptoms : range of head motion, headache, or neck pain. Sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle vs cervical vertebrae pathology |
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Pilar cyst |
benign accumulation of sebum and keratin under skin layer, looks taut/shiny |
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Signs of fetal alcohol syndrome? |
indistinct philtrum flat midface short nose thin upper lip |
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Congenital hypothyroid signs... |
By 3-6 months baby may have protruding tongue, narrow palperable fissures, puffy face, and wide open fontanels |
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Down syndrome (trisomy 21) signs... |
Singular palmar crease Short broad neck with webbing Thick tongue Upward slanting eyes |
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Facial features of a kid with chronic allergies? |
Blue shadows under eyes, tired appearance mouth may hang open for better breathing Transverse line on nose from crunching it upward |
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Facial features of Cushing's disease (excess ACTH)... |
Moonface, large jowls, acne on chest |
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Hyperthyroid vs hypothyroid features? |
Hyperthyroid= Bulging eyes + goiter with tachycardia/sweating/thinning hair Hypothyroid= Puffy face with dry skin and coarse hair |
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Scleroderma features? |
"hard skin', connective tissue disease, hard shiny skin on forehead/cheeks, pursed lips, muscle atrophy in face |
