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332 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stephen/Steven |
スティーブン
suti-bun [stibun] |
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a
Hiragana |
あ
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i
Hiragana |
い
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u
Hiragana |
う
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e
Hiragana |
え
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o
Hiragana |
お
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ka
Hiragana |
か
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ki
Hiragana |
き
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ku
Hiragana |
く
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ke
Hiragana |
け
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ko
Hiragana |
こ
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ga
Hiragana |
が
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gi
Hiragana |
ぎ
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gu
Hiragana |
ぐ
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ge
Hiragana |
げ
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go
Hiragana |
ご
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sa
Hiragana |
さ
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shi
Hiragana |
し
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su
Hiragana |
す
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se
Hiragana |
せ
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so
Hiragana |
そ
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za
Hiragana |
ざ
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ji
Hiragana |
じ
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zu
Hiragana |
ず
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ze
Hiragana |
ぜ
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zo
Hiragana |
ぞ
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ta
Hiragana |
た
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chi
Hiragana |
ち
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tsu
Hiragana |
つ
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te
Hiragana |
て
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to
Hiragana |
と
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da
Hiragana |
だ
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ji
Hiragana |
ぢ
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zu
Hiragana |
づ
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de
Hiragana |
で
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do
Hiragana |
ど
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na
Hiragana |
な
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ni
Hiragana |
に
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nu
Hiragana |
ぬ
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ha
Hiragana |
は
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hu
Hiragana |
ひ
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fu
Hiragana |
ふ
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he
Hiragana |
へ
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ho
Hiragana |
ほ
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ba
Hiragana |
ば
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bi
Hiragana |
び
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bu
Hiragana |
ぶ
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be
Hiragana |
べ
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bo
Hiragana |
ぼ
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pa
Hiragana |
ぱ
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pi
Hiragana |
ぴ
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pu
Hiragana |
ぷ
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pe
Hiragana |
ぺ
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po
Hiragana |
ぽ
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ma
Hiragana |
ま
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mi
Hiragana |
み
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mu
Hiragana |
む
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me
Hiragana |
め
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ri
Hiragana |
り
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mo
Hiragana |
も
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ru
Hiragana |
る
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ya
Hiragana |
や
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re
Hiragana |
れ
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yu
Hiragana |
ゆ
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ro
Hiragana |
ろ
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yo
Hiragana |
よ
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wa
Hiragana |
わ
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ra
Hiragana |
ら
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wo
Hiragana |
を
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n/m
Hiragana |
ん
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kya
Hiragana |
きゃ
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kyu
Hiragana |
きゅ
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kyo
Hiragana |
きょ
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gya
Hiragana |
ぎゃ
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gyu
Hiragana |
ぎゅ
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gyo
Hiragana |
ぎょ
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sha
Hiragana |
しゃ
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shu
Hiragana |
しゅ
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sho
Hiragana |
しょ
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ja
Hiragana |
じゃ
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ju
Hiragana |
じゅ
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jo
Hiragana |
じょ
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cha
Hiragana |
ちゃ
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chu
Hiragana |
ちゅ
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cho
Hiragana |
ちょ
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nya
Hiragana |
にゃ
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nyu
Hiragana |
にゅ
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nyo
Hiragana |
にょ
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hya
Hiragana |
ひゃ
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hyu
Hiragana |
ひゅ
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hyo
Hiragana |
ひょ
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bya
Hiragana |
びゃ
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byu
Hiragana |
びゅ
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byo
Hiragana |
びょ
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pya
Hiragana |
ぴゃ
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pyu
Hiragana |
ぴゅ
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pyo
Hiragana |
ぴょ
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mya
Hiragana |
みゃ
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myu
Hiragana |
みゅ
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myo
Hiragana |
みょ
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rya
Hiragana |
りゃ
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ryu
Hiragana |
りゅ
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ryo
Hiragana |
りょ
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a
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ahh
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i
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like e in eat
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u
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like o in soon
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e
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e in elk
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o
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oh
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japanese r
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It is slightly "rolled" as if it were a combination of a "d", "r", and "l".
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There are 5 vowels in the Japanese language
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(a), pronounced "ahh",
(i), pronounced like "e" in "eat", (u), pronounced like "oo" in "soon", (e), pronounced like "e" in "elk", and (o), pronounced "oh" |
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Hiragana は (ha)
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pronounced "wa" when it immediately follows the topic of the sentence. This Hiragana character is usually only pronounced "ha" when it is part of a word.
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Hiragana へ (he)
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is pronounced "e" when it immediately follows a place or direction. Both of these are very simple to detect.
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Hiragana
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ひらがな
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ne
Harigana |
ね
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no
Harigana |
の
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hi
Harigana |
ひ
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watashi
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I (formal for males, normal for females)
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boku
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ぼく
I (normal for males) |
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わたし
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watashi
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ぼく
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boku
I (normal for males) |
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かれ
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kare
he |
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kare
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he
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かのじょ
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kanojo
she |
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kanojo
|
she
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anata
|
you (singular/normal)
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あなた
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anata
you (singular/normal) |
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これ
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kore
this (the object itself) |
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kore
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this (the object itself)
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ここ
|
koko
here |
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koko
|
here
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この
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kono
this (ex. this pen) |
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kono
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this (ex. this pen)
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それ
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sore
that (the object itself) |
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sore
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that (the object itself)
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そこ
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soko
there |
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soko
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there
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その
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sono
that (ex. that pen) |
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sono
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that (ex. that pen)
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ひと
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hito
person |
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hito
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person
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いぬ
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inu
dog |
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inu
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dog
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ねこ
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neko
cat |
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neko
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cat
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いえ
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ie
house |
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ie
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house
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ありがとう
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arigatou
Thank you. (normal) |
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arigatou
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Thank you. (normal)
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ありがとう
ございます |
arigatou gozaimasu
Thank you. (formal) |
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arigatou gozaimasu
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Thank you. (formal)
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どういたしまして
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douitashimashite
You're welcome. (normal) |
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おはよう
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ohayou
(sounds like "Ohio") Good morning. (informal) |
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ohayou
(sounds like "Ohio") |
Good morning. (informal)
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douitashimashite
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You're welcome. (normal)
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おはようございます
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ohayou gozaimasu
Good morning. (normal and formal) |
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ohayou gozaimasu
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Good morning.
(normal and formal) |
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こんにちは
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konnichiwa
Hello. (normal) |
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konnichiwa
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Hello. (normal)
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こんばんは
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konbanwa
Good evening. (normal) |
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konbanwa
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Good evening. (normal)
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さよなら
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sayonara
Goodbye. (normal) |
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sayonara
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Goodbye. (normal)
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verbs in Japanese
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Japanese grammar the verb always comes at the end
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は
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wa
(as mentioned in Lesson 1, the Hiragana "ha" is pronounced "wa" when it immediately follows the topic) topic marker |
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が
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ga
subject marker |
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を
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wo
(pronounced "o") direct object marker |
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に
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ni
direction marker, time marker, indirect object marker |
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へ
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e
direction marker ("he" is pronounced "e" when it immediately follows a place or direction) |
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I know where you live
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watashi wa anata ga doko ni sunde iru ka shitte iru
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I'm going to take her home
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watashi wa kanojo wo ie ni okuru
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いち
|
ichi
one |
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一
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ichi one
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二
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ni two
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三
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san three
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四
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shi (yon after 10) four
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五
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go five
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六
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roku six
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七
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shichi (nana after 10) seven
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八
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hachi eight
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九
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kyuu nine
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十
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juu ten
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いち
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ichi
one |
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に
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ni
two |
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さん
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san
three |
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し、 よん
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shi
four yon after 10 |
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ご
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go
five |
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ろく
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roku
six |
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しち、 なな
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shichi
seven nana after 10 |
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はち
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hachi
eight |
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きゅう
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kyuu
nine |
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じゅう
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juu
ten |
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百
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hyaku
100 |
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ひゃく
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hyaku
100 |
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Numbers after 10
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juuichi - 11
juuini - 12 juusan - 13 juuyon - 14 |
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20
21 |
nijuu
nijuuiche |
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時
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Put these numbers in front of the character for time 時 and you've got the time of the day
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一時
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ichiji one o'clock
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いちじ
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ichiji one o'clock
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二時
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niji two o'clock
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にじ
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niji two o'clock
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二時半
にじはん |
nijihan two thirty (半 means half)
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半
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means half for time
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二時四十五分
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nijiyonjuugofun
2:45 (分 means minute) |
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にじよんじゅうごふん
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nijiyonjuugofun
2:45 (分 means minute) |
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月
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Put the character for moon 月 after a number and you've got a month.
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一月
いちがつ |
ichigatsu January
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二月
にがつ |
nigatsu February
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三月
さんがつ |
sangatsu March
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四月
しがつ |
shigatsu April
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月
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tsu character for month
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にちようび
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nichiyoubi
Sunday (日 - sun/day) |
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日
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日 - sun/day
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月曜日(k)
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getsuyoubi
Monday |
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げつようび(h)
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getsuyoubi
Monday |
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月 (k)
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moon
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火曜日(k)
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kayoubi
Tuesday (火 - fire) |
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かようび (h)
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kayoubi
Tuesday |
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火 (k)
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fire
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水曜日
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suiyoubi
Wednesday (水 - water) |
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すいようび
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suiyoubi
Wednesday (水 - water) |
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水 (h)
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water
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木曜日 (h)
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mokuyoubi
Thursday (木 - tree/wood) |
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もくようび (k)
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mokuyoubi
Thursday (木 - tree/wood) |
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木 (h)
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tree/wood
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水 (h)
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water
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金曜日 (h)
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kinyoubi Friday (金 - gold)
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木曜日 (h)
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mokuyoubi
Thursday (木 - tree/wood) |
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きんようび (k)
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kinyoubi Friday (金 - gold)
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もくようび (k)
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mokuyoubi
Thursday (木 - tree/wood) |
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土曜日
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doyoubi Saturday (土 - dirt)
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木 (h)
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tree/wood
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どようび
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doyoubi Saturday (土 - dirt)
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金曜日 (h)
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kinyoubi Friday (金 - gold)
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土
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dirt
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きんようび (k)
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kinyoubi Friday (金 - gold)
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今日
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kyou
Today |
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土曜日
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doyoubi Saturday (土 - dirt)
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どようび
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doyoubi Saturday (土 - dirt)
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土
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dirt
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今日
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kyou
Today |
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きょう
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kyou
Today |
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明日
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ashita
Tomorrow |
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あした
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ashita
Tomorrow |
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昨日
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kinou
Yesterday |
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きのう
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kinou
Yesterday |
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一昨日
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ototoi
the day before yesterday |
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おととい
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ototoi
the day before yesterday |
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明後日
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asatte
the day after tomorrow (a small "tsu" (っ) makes a double consonant) |
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あさって
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asatte
the day after tomorrow (a small "tsu" (っ) makes a double consonant) |
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今朝
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kesa
this morning |
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けさ
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kesa
this morning |
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今晩
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konban
this evening |
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こんばん
|
konban
this evening |
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今
|
ima
now |
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いま
|
ima
now |
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Godan (五段) verbs
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These verbs always conjugate the same way with only one exception. These verbs have five changes that follow the order of the Japanese vowels, hence the name Godan (meaning 5 levels or steps), and then the "te" and "ta" forms that are common to all verbs. Here's an example:
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話す
話さ 話し 話す 話せ 話そう 話して 話した |
話す hanasu (to speak)
話さ hanasa 話し hanashi 話す hanasu 話せ hanase 話そう hanasou 話して hanashite 話した hanashita |
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hanasa Base 1
hanashi Base 2 hanasu Base 3 hanase Base 4 hanasou Base 5 hanashite Base "te" hanashita Base "ta" |
話す hanasu (to speak)
話さ hanasa Base 1 話し hanashi Base 2 話す hanasu Base 3 話せ hanase Base 4 話そう hanasou Base 5 話して hanashite Base "te" 話した hanashita Base "ta" |
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Base 1
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Base 1: Base 1 can not be used by itself but becomes the plain form negative simply by adding -nai. (ex. hanasanai - I won't say anything.) If the verb ends in う (u) then the end for Base 1 becomes わ (wa). (ex. au (Base 1) -> awa)
(Plain form is what people use when talking to a friend. It would not be proper to use in a business environment. We will go over the polite form in lesson 8.) |
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Base 2
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Base 2 is, in most cases, a noun when used by itself but is primarily used with the polite form of the verb.
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Base 3
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Base 3 is the main form (the one that would be found in the dictionary) and is also the plain form present/future tense.
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Base 4
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Base 4 is most often used as "if verb" by adding -ba. (ex. hanaseba - If he'd just say something.) It can also be used by itself as a command form but it is extremely rude and I recommend not using it at all.
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Base 5
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Base 5 is used by itself as the "let's" form. (ex. hanasou - Let's talk.) We will get into other ways it's used in later lessons.
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Base "te"
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ase "te" can be used by itself as a plain form command. It is not rude but should only be used with close friends and children. By adding kudasai it becomes the polite form command. Base "te" can also be used in other ways that we will get into in later lessons.
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Base "ta"
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Base "ta" is merely Base "te" with an "a" sound on the end instead of an "e" sound. It is mainly used by itself as the plain form past tense. (ex. hanashita - I talked.) We will get into other ways it's used in later lessons.
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all Godan verbs ending in う (u), つ (tsu), or る (ru); the う (u), つ (tsu), or る (ru) becomes
|
って (tte) in the "te" form and った (tta) in the "ta" form.
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katsu
|
to win
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katte
|
Win
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katta
|
We won
|
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all Godan verbs ending in ぶ (bu), む (mu), or ぬ (nu); the ぶ (bu), む (mu), or ぬ (nu) becomes
|
んで (nde) in the "te" form and んだ (nda) in the "ta" form
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yomu
|
to read
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yonde
|
Read it
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yonda
|
I read it
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ll Godan verbs ending in く (ku), the く (ku) becomes
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いて (ite) in the "te" form and いた (ita) in the "ta" form
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aruite
|
Walk
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aruita
|
I walked here
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iku
|
to go
|
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all Godan verbs ending in ぐ (gu), the ぐ (gu)
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ecomes いで (ide) in the "te" form and いだ (ida) in the "ta" form.
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oyogu
|
to swim
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oyoide
|
Swim!
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oyoida
|
I swam.
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all Godan verbs ending in す (su), the す (su) becomes
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して (shite) in the "te" form and した (shita) in the "ta" form.
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hanasu
|
to talk
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hanashite
|
Say something!
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hanashita
|
I talked (to him)
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会う
|
au to meet
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あう
|
au to meet
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勝つ
|
katsu to win
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かつ
|
katsu to win
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売る
|
uru to sell
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うる
|
uru to sell
|
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遊ぶ
|
asobu to play
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あそぶ
|
asobu to play
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飲む
|
nomu to drink
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のむ
|
nomu to drink
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死ぬ
|
shinu to die
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しぬ
|
shinu to die
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歩く
|
aruku to walk
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あるく
|
aruku to walk
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泳ぐ
|
oyogu to swim
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およぐ
|
oyogu to swim
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消す
|
kesu to erase, turn off
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けす
|
kesu to erase, turn off
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行く
|
iku to go
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いく
|
iku to go
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Base 1 + ない
|
Base 1 + nai
plain form negative (will not verb) |
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Base 1 + なかった
|
Base 1 + nakatta
plain form past negative (did not verb) |
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Base 2 + ます
|
Base 2 + masu
polite form present/future tense |
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Base 2 + ました
|
Base 2 + mashita
polite form past tense |
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Base 2 + ません
|
Base 2 + masen
polite form negative (will not verb) |
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Base 2 + ませんでした
|
Base 2 + masen deshita
polite form past negative (did not verb) |
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Base 2 + たい
|
want to verb (add です (desu) to make it polite)
|
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Base 2 + tai
|
want to verb (add です (desu) to make it polite)
|
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Base 3
|
plain form present/future tense
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Base 4 + ば
|
if verb
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Base 4 + ba
|
if verb
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Base 4 + る
|
plain form can verb (Godan verbs only)
(verb now becomes an Ichidan verb) |
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Base 4 + ru
|
plain form can verb (Godan verbs only)
(verb now becomes an Ichidan verb) |
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Base 4 + ます
|
polite form can verb (can be changed like above)
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Base 4 + masu
|
polite form can verb (can be changed like above)
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Base 5 + とする
|
try to verb
(this suru is the same verb learned in lesson 7 (to do something)) |
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Base 5 + to suru
|
try to verb
(this suru is the same verb learned in lesson 7 (to do something)) |
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Base "te" + 欲しい
|
want someone else to verb
(hoshii is an adjective which will be covered in the next lesson) |
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Base "te" + hoshii
|
want someone else to verb
(hoshii is an adjective which will be covered in the next lesson) |
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Base "te"
|
plain form command
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Base "te" + 下さい
Base "te" + kudasai |
polite form command
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Base "te" + いる
|
plain form presently verbing
(this iru is the same verb learned in lesson 7 (to exist (animate)) |
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Base "te" + iru
|
plain form presently verbing
(this iru is the same verb learned in lesson 7 (to exist (animate)) |
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Base "te" + います
|
polite form presently verbing (can be changed like above)
|
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Base "te" + imasu
|
polite form presently verbing (can be changed like above)
|
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Base "ta"
|
plain form past tense
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Hiragana and Katakana |
Both are syllabaries. That is , each symbol represents a morae (unit of sound in a syllable).
Both are not alphabets |
