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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jomon Period
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11,000-300 BCE (1st)
Pottery with cord mark Hunting/Gathering/Fishing Society Inu People |
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Inu People
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people in Japan with culture similar to Siberia
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Late Jomon
Religious life: |
Totems> sm. animals that protect you and tribe
Goddesses Fertility Rites Divination: Deer horns used |
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Yayoi Period
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300 BCE
(2nd) Pottery found in Yayoi region of Tokyo More artistic looking Rice Farming Begins Foreign Influenced: ROman COins Persian Glass Steel/Tools from China |
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Social/Physical implications of Rice farming
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Yayoi Period
~Need to share water > must be an organized/fair way to share= social cooperation |
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Yayoi Religious Life
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Female Shamans
Himiko/Pimiko: No written records for Jap culture. Written by Chinese based on travels to Japan |
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Legend of HImiko
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16 yr old girl. COuld communicate with gods. Able to unite several diff. fighting tribes
- 1st ruler - Just dealt with gods - younger bro dealt with politics/social organizations - Matriarchal society evidence..? |
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Kofan Tomb Period
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250 CE (3rd)
Keyhole Tombs Class division begins |
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Keyhole TOmbs
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Only certain rankings can travel so far up the levels of the tombs.
TOp level of circle was where coffin and rituals took place Minor tombs surround larger Moats** Haniwa surround perimeter |
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Haniwa
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mini statues
Highly expressive with little effort put in. **Haikus |
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Class Division
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Kofan Period
Sudden arrival of class division. Upper Class= foreigners. More adv and militaristic. They enslaved the peasants (natives) - artifacts show similarities with Korean culture |
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Yamato Period
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553 CE (4th)
Increased contact with China> Japan waking up to the fact that they have an advanced neighbor Start to tribal organization (UJI) Greater Yearning for Chinese cultural elements |
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Uji
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Japanese Tribes/clans
Totem for each |
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Sun Tribe
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Most powerful Uji. Overtake others and family takes on imperial lineage
****Beginning of Political State (552 CE) 1st Japanese Emperor apparently descended from sun goddess (Buddhism arrives during) |
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Nara Period
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710 CE (Final)
Heijo first capital of Japan ** Prince Shotoku: Regent for Empress Suiko 17 Article Const. Taika Reforms Tahio Reforms |
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Taika Reforms
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Imposition of Chinese imperial Govt on local Japanese tribes-
- Resistance from Uji - Emp tries to takeover entire country - long warring period tween Emp and Uji **Kojiki as history |
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Tahio Reforms
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When they tried to bring the Chinese legal system to Japan
Bureacracy/Meritocracy **This principle contradicted Uji politics. Used to hereditary appointment **Kojiki as history |
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Buddhism
Reactions |
arrives 552CE from Korea
Conf Rx: didn't like it. Cuz all social organization is based on family relations and Budd is monastic> can't pass on family name through offspring Uji Rx: some like (Soga Clan) Adopt buddha as a kami Some dont (Nakatomi Clan) Don't like the idea of a foreign relg entering Japan some don't |
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Kokobunji
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State Sponsored Buddhism
System of Building monastaries in every principality. One male, one female Here: Chant sutras for the protection of the nation>creates merit> power for Japan **Emp vs Uji |
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yakushi Triad
Horyo-Ji Great Buddha of Todai-ji |
Bronze Statues
Oldest Wooden Building Variocana: Sun Buddha (Emp would claim he's Vairocana) |
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Growth of Buddhist POlitcal Power
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Buddhism exploited by Emp
MOnks became politically active Shotoku and Dokyo** <3 story |
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Shinto General
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"The Way" of the gods
712 CE introduced Nara |
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Katsuogi
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Trad. Japanese Architecture
Logs on roofs |
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Chigi
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Crossbeams
Cut depending on whether shrine was to male/female male= cut VeRt/ Odd# Female= CUt HOZ/ even # |
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Torii
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Gateways
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Kannushi
Miko Shimenawa Gohei |
Preists
Shrine Maidens Sacred Ropes White Streamers= made from rice straw |
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3 Precious Articles of Shinto
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Sword
Mirror Curved Jewel: THought to be used by shamanesses Hawk Talon or claw of animal= familiar |
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Shinto Compared to other Religions
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1) Not Institutionalized (no church)
2) Orthopaxy not Orthodoxy Not based on commandments/beliefs but rituals/behaviours 3) Aesthetic NOT Ethical clean/dirty not good/bad |
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3 Major Foci of Shinto
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1) Nature and Rice
2) Purity 3) Emperor, Family, Nation |
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Nature (KAMI)
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Kami:
Natural Elements ANcestors Particularly Holy Living Person Anything that is the obj of gratitude Kami do not transcend mortal world. Live amongst living UNiverse is HOZ not VERT |
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RICE
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Kami
Rituals Fertility Sake |
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Rice Ceremonies
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Women wear Kimonos. w/ rice shoots in muddy fields. Men surround and beat drums play flutes
- Emperor takes part too (spring plowing in China) faded in China remains in Japan |
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Fertility (Shinto)
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No differentiation between agricultural and human cuz both are crucial to survival
Fertility rituals take place in rice patties before it's flooded |
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Sake
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Getting drunk from SAKE is ok because it's make of rice.
THought to be infusing your body with sacredness - used in most ceremonial rituals - Baptism (mom and shinto priest= baby and kami), weddings |
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PUrity/Impurity
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Black POllution
Red Pollution |
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Black Pollution
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Kuro Fuio
Death, decay, dirt ** Most sacred Shinto shrine is torn down every 20 yrs cuz posts decay Impurities considered contagious |
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Red Pollution
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Aka Fuio
Blood Related **Women |
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Ubugoya (Parturition Huts)
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- For women to give birth and stay during Mentruation
- Weren't allowed to give birth in village - Midwives= middle figure between clean village and dirty hut |
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Purification Methods
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Ritual Bathing
Waving Gohei (white streamers) and Sakaki branches Salt Fire Shinto Priests |
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Emp/Fam/Nation ** Shinto
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Emp descended from Kamis. Chief priest of Shinto
Modern Japan= Democracy> Emp has no direct political power Emp was taken from Chinese culture, then Mandate of Heaven removed. Never been a change in the Imperial family |
