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63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
When (At the time) A occurs, B happens?
• Plain form verb (Any tense)
• い Adjective
• な Adjective [な]       +  とき(時) + (Event B)
• Noun の
Doing two actions at the same time?
• Verb stem ながら Verb 2
How long does it take?
• どのぐらいかかりますか。
• # (Hours, periods, minutes...) ぐらい かかります
Easiest ~ After (event A) I did (event B)?
• そして
• それから
Noun Only ~ After (event A) I did (event B)?
• Noun + のあとで Second action
Verb Only (1) ~ After (event A) I did (event B)?
• て Form verb + (から) Second action
Verb Only (2) ~ After (event A) I did (event B)?
• Verb (Plain past form) + あとで Second action
Verb Only ~ Before (event B) I did (event A)?
• Verb (Plain form) + まえに First action
Noun Only ~ Before (event B) I did (event A)?
• Noun + のまえに First action
To begin doing something.
• Verb (Plain) ように なる/なります
Please don't.
• Verb (Plain negative form) で下さい
Please do.
• て Form Verb  下さい
Had better not.
• Verb (Plain negative form) ほうがいいです
Had better.
• Verb (Plain past form) ほうがいいです
You don't have to.
• Verb (Plain negative form)  [ない]  くてもいいです
It doesn't matter if you do or not.
• て Form Verb  も Same verb (Plain negative form) [ない]  
くてもいいです
Have to. (Formal)
• Verb (Plain negative form)  [ない]  ければなりません
Have to. (Informal)
• Verb (Plain negative form)  [ない]  ければならないんです
You have to. (Polite) 1
• Verb (Plain negative form) といけません
You have to. (Polite) 2
• Verb (Plain negative form)  [ない]  くて は いけません
You have to. (Polite) 3
• Verb (Plain negative form)  [ない]  ければなりません
You have to. (Casual)
• Verb (Plain negative form)  [ない]  くちゃ
You should not/You are not allowed to
• て Form Verb  は いけません
To become
• Noun に
• な Adjective [な] に  
• い Adjective [い] く

+ なる/ なります
Adverbs that are not adjectives
• Clearly = はっきり
• Slowly =  ゆっくり
• With all one's might =  いっしょうけんめい
• Completely =  すっかり
• As ... as possible =  できるだけ  (たくさん/よく...)
な Adjectives to Adverbs
• な Adjective [な] に + Verb
い Adjectives to Adverbs
• い Adjective [い] く + Verb
Bringing and taking someone
• つれて +

• いく = To take
• きる = To bring along
Have, bring and taking something
• もって +

• いる = To have
• いく = To take
• きる = To bring along
• かえる = To take home

o Example: こうえんに いぬ こってきましょう。
o Let's take the dog to the park.
Looking forward to something
• Noun を たのしみに しています/まっています/してまっています
Is easy to do/Is hard to do
• Verb stem + やすい/にくい
Giving a reason 2
• Noun + な
• な Adjective + な Ending   +ので
• い Adjective
• Verb (Plain form, any tense)
o Can do negative and any tense.
Giving a reason
• Noun (Plain ending)
• な Adjective (Plain ending)   +から
• い Adjective 
• Verb (Any tense)
o Example: Because I hate school, I won't go.
o (Reason comes FIRST)
o Can do negative and any tense.
Making requests
• Formal = て Form くださいませんか
• Polite = て Form くれませんか
• Polite = て Form ください 
• Informal = て Form くれない
Asking if this is Ok?
• Very formal = よろしいでしょうか
• Formal = よろしいですか
• Polite = いいですか
• Informal = いい?
Asking if this is convenient
• Very formal = いかがでしょうか
• Formal = いかがですか
• Polite = どうでしょうか
• Informal = どうですか
• Very informal = どう?
If you do this, this will happen
• (Plain form ending) Verb/Adjective/Noun と Outcome
First time
• Subject は はじめてです
Expressing strong feelings
• て Form adjective 
o Example: It's unbearably hot. たまりません
• たい Form verb たいくて
o Example: I can't wait to watch Harry Potter.
Indicating uncertainty
• (いadjective/なadjective/noun [ANY TENSE, POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE]) でしょう
Indicating a purpose
• Verb stem/Noun +  に  + Verb of motion(行く/かえる/来る)
Quotes
• Person は Plain sentence + Ending と いいます
Doing this, that and the other and so on...
• (Plain past tense verb) + り (Plain past tense verb) + り + します/してすごしました (Spent time)/してたのしみました (Had fun)
Indicating intention
• Plain verb + つもりです/でした(I was going to, but)
Making a decision
• Plain verb + ことにしました
Changing adjectives to nouns
• Adjective  + い/な + の
Saying how something appears
• い Adjective い
• な Adjective な + そう(です)
• Verb ます
Someone receives something
• Giver は Reciever に Noun を あげます
• Giver は Reciever に Noun を て form verb  あげます
• Billy gave Danny a book.
Someone gives something
• Reciever は Giver に Noun を もらいます
• Reciever は Giver に Noun を て form verb  もらいます
• Danny received a book from Billy
Someone gives me something
• Giver は Me/Us に Noun を くれます
• Giver は Me/Us に Noun を て form verb  くれます
• Billy gives a book to me.
Saying something might happen/perhaps
• Plain adjective (Any tense)
• Noun      +     かもしれない/かもしれません
• Verb (Plain, any tense) 
Giving an opinion
• いadjective/Plain verb と 思います
• なadjective/Noun だ と 思います
• Verb stem たい 思います (I think I'd like to)
A compared to B
• A は B とくらべて どう ですか/おもいますか
Asking which is more ... Out of A or B
• Noun A と Noun B と
• いAdjective のと いAdjective のと + どっち が + Adjective  と思いますか
• なAdjective +な のと なAdjective + な のと + どっち の方が + Adjectiveですか
• Plain Verb A のと Plain Verb B のと + どちら (Formal)
Answering Comparison Questions (Singular answer)
• Noun の方が 
• いAdjective 方が
• なAdjective +な 方が  Adjective です/と思います
• Plain Verb 方が
Answering Comparison Questions (Double answer)
• Noun A の方が Noun B
• いAdjective 方が いAdjective
• なAdjective +な 方が なAdjective より です/と思います
• Plain Verb 方が Plain Verb
Of groups, stating that something is the most...
• Group では/の中で  (は) Subjectが 一ばん Adjective/thing です
Out of... The most... one is...
• Group で 一ばん Adjective の/こと  は Thing/event です
Out of... What is the most...?
• Group で 一ばん Adjective の/こと/Noun  は Thing/event 何ですか
Comparing three or more...?
• Noun A と Noun B と Noun C と
• いAdjective のと いAdjective のと いAdjective のと 
• なAdjective+な のと なAdjective+な のと なAdjective+な のと 
• Plain Verb + のと Plain Verb + のと Plain Verb + のと

• + (では)どれ/だれ が 一ばん Adjective ですか
Comparing 2 - Something is like something
• Noun A は Noun B と おなじくらい Adjective です
An explanation (Conversation only)
• ... Plain form sentence のです Or んです
Experience
• Plain Past Verb ことがあります
o Do not use time word
o Do not end with ありました