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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Potential verbs (can/ has ability to)
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ru
miru > mirareru u iku > ikeru hanasu > hanaseru kau > kaeru asobu > asoberu matsu > materu yomu > yomeru shinu > shineru toru > toreru irreg kuru > korareru suru > dekiru |
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~shi
(reason1) shi, (reason2) shi, (situation) omoshiroishi sukiDAshi gakuseiDAshi |
When you want to mention not just one, but two (or more) reasons, you can use this in place of kara. it follows short forms.
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~soudesu
oishisoudesu (minus i) exception=ii > YOSAsoudesu genkisoudesu neg muzukashiKUNASAsoudesu shizukaJANASAsoudesu kono ringo wa oishisoudesu. |
It looks like...
Something "seemingly" has those properties. Guessing what something is like on the basis of our impressions. |
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~temiru
Use te form |
"doing something tentatively" or "trying something". You do not know what the outcome of your action will be, but do it and see what effect it may have.
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nara
Noun A nara predicate X X applies only to A and is not more generally valid mekishiko NARA itta koto g arimasu ga, burajiru wa itta koto ga arimasen. |
"limitation" and "contrast".
Have you ever been to Brazil? I've been to Mexico, but never been to Brazil. |
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(period) ni (frequency)
(ichinichi, isshuukan, ikkagetsu, ichinen) ni (nankai, nanjikan, nannichi) ~masu |
(frequency) per (period) verb
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hoshii
watashi wa X ga hoshiidesu. i adjective hoshigatteiru (wo instead of ga) |
(I) want (something)
To describe an observation that the speaker curretly thinks holds true. |
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~kamoshiremasen
Short form only (iku, samui, genki, gakusei) kamoshiremasen |
something is a "poissibility". You can use this when you are not sure what is really the case but are willing to make a guess.
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Giver wa/ga recipient ni ____
(to give) |
ageru
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giver wa/ga recipient ni ____
(to recieve) |
kureru
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recipient wa/ga giver ni/kara ____
(to recieve) |
morau
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~taradoudesuka
ta form! |
Advice or recommendation. "Why don't you do this?"
It may sometimes have a critical tone, criticizing the person for not having performed the activity already. |
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noun (ga/wo) + number
neko ga sanbiki imasu. |
Basic structure for expressing numbers.
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mo
neko o sanbiki mo katte imasu |
Has AS MANY AS three cats.
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shika
jisho wo issatsu shika motte imasen. Remember the negative!! |
I have ONLY one dictionary.
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ikko
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1 small item
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niko
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2 small items
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sanko
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3 small items
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yonko
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4 small items
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goko
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5 small items
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rokko
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6 small items
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nanako
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7 small items
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hakko
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8 small items
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kyuuko
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9 small items
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juuko
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10 small items
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nanko/ikutsu
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how many small items
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issatsu
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1 bound volume
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nisatsu
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2 bound volumes
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sansatsu
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3 bound volumes
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yonsatsu
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4 bound volumes
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gosatsu
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5 bound volumes
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rokusatsu
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6 bound volumes
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nanasatsu
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7 bound volumes
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hassatsu
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8 bound volumes
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kyuusatsu
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9 bound volumes
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juusatsu
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10 bound volumes
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nansatsu
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how many bound volumes
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ippiki
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1 small animal
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nihiki
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2 small animals
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sanbiki
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3 small animals
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yonhiki
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4 small animals
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gohiki
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5 small animals
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roppiki
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6 small animals
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nanahiki
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7 small animals
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happiki
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8 small animals
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kyuuhiki
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9 small animals
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juupiki
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10 small animals
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nanbiki
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how many small animals
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ippon
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1 long object
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nihon
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2 long objects
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sanbon
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3 long objects
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yonhon
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4 long objects
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gohon
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5 long objects
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roppon
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6 long objects
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nanahon
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7 long objects
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happon
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8 long objects
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kyuuhon
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9 long objects
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juupon
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10 long objects
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nanbon
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How many long objects
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ichidai
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1 equipment
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nidai
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2 equipments
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sandai
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3 equipments
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yondai
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4 equipments
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godai
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5 equipments
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rokudai
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6 equipments
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nanadai
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7 equipments
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hachidai
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8 equipments
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kyuudai
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9 equipments
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juudai
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10 equipments
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nandai
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how much equipment?
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ichimai
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1 flat object
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nimai
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2 flat objects
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sanmai
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3 flat objects
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yonmai
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4 flat objects
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gomai
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5 flat objects
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rokumai
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6 flat objects
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nanamai
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7 flat objects
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hachimai
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8 flat objects
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kyuumai
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9 flat objects
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juumai
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10 flat objects
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nanmai
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how many flat objects
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tabe-ru > tabeyou
iku > ikou hanasu > hanasou kau > kaou oyogu > oyogou asobu > asobou matsu > matou yomu > yomou shinu > shinou toru > torou irreg. kuru > koyou suru > shiyou |
Bolitional form. Less formal, more casual equivalent of mashou.
If ka is added, it asks for an opinion in your offer or suggestion |
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Volitional form + to omotte imasu
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To talk about determinations.
Have already decided to do something. |
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Volitional form + to omoimasu
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Decision to perform the acitivity is being made on the spot.
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~te oku
te form |
Describes an action performed in preparation for something
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Qualifying nouns
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kinou katta hon / the book that I bought yesterday
kare ga kureta hon / the book my boyfriend gave me tsukue no ue ni aru hon / the book that is on the table nihon de kaenai hon / the books that you can't buy in japan |
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~te kureru/morau
~te ageru morau- get persuade, or arrange for, somebody to do something of. Receive a favor kureru is just someone doing something for you. Te form! |
Someone does something for me
I do something for someone |
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~te itadakemasenka
Te form! |
Polite request
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~te kuremasenka
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Casual/polite (host family) request
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~ te kurenai?
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Casual request
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~to ii desune
(short, present) |
I hope... (for you/them)
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to iindesuga
(short, present) |
I hope... (for myself)
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~toki
time reference toki, main event. 1.present tense toki, main event. 2. past tense toki, main event i adjectives stay the same na get na and nouns become no before ttoki |
1. Before I did this, I did this.
2. When I did this(after), I did this |
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~te sumimasendeshita
Te form! ~te gomen ~nakute for negative |
Describe the thing you have done that you want to apologize for.
The second is more casual |
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~soudesu
hanasu soudesu sabishii soudesu sukida soudesu gakuseida soudesu |
I hear.
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~tte
tte change to te after n |
Replaces soudesu, to quote what you have heard.
Can also replace to for verbs like iu |
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~tara
Ta form! yomu > yondara yasashii > yasashikattara shizukada > shizukadattara yasumida > yasumidattara ~nai > nakattara |
A ___ B.
The event, action, or situation in B is realized if and when the condition A is met. |
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~nakute mo iidesu
kutsu wo nuganakutemoiidesu |
does not need to..
You do not need to take off your shoes. |
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~mitaidesu
Short form! ame ga futtamitaidesu ano hito wa onnaka ga suite iru mitaidesu. |
Can follow a noun that expresses the idea that something or somebody resembles the thing or the person described by the noun.
When following a verb can express the idea that something "appears to be the case." It looks like it has rained It looks like that person is hungry. |
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~mae ni
verb A (short present) + mae ni verb B. |
Describes the event before which something happens.
B before A. Before this happens..I'll do this. |
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~te kara
Verb A + tekara verb B Te form!! |
To describe an event after which another thing happens.
A, and then B./ B after A. |
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akeru
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to open something
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shimeru
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to close something
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ireru
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to put something in
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dasu
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to take something out
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tsukeru
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to turn something on
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kesu
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to turn something off; extinguish something
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kowasu
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to break something
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yogosu
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to make something dirty
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otosu
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to drop something
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wakasu
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to boil water
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aku
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something opens (~ga)
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shimaru
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something closes (~ga)
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hairu
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something goes inside (~ga)
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deru
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something goes out (~ga)
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tsuku
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something goes on (~ga)
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kieru
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something goes off (~ga)
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kowareru
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something breaks (~ga)
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yogoreru
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something becomes dirty (~ga)
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ochiru
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something drops (~ga)
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waku
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water boils (~ga)
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intransitive verbs ~teiru
Te form! |
States that hold after the change takes place
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~teshimau
Te form! |
Finished doing something completely.
Something regrettable happens, do something which you did not intend to. |
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tabeTESHIMAimasu
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tabeCHAimasu
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shinDESHIMAtta
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shinJAtta
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~to
clause A to clause B. Short, present |
Whenever A happens, B happens too.
Adjectives often change into naru form. na > ni naru i > ku naru |
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~nagara
kiki nagara benkyoushimasu utai nagara shiteimasu |
Doing two verbs at once. The second verb is the main verb.
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~bayokattadesu
taberu > tabereba iku > ikeba matsu > mateba kau > kaeba suru > sureba kuru > kureba negative > drop i and add kureba |
I wish I had done, or I should have done something.
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