Japan

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Yayoi Era

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Came from south east asia. Escaped from conflict from china and korea. Preceded by the Jomon followed by the kofun era. Brough with them metal working tools and agriculture (rice). Had a caste system which broke into two groups elite and others. Had connections to the mainland. Set up watch towers to protect from neighbors. Were a war like culture evidenced by violent death from skeletons found.

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Himiko

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She was a late yayoi leader. Had female servants. Amaterasu family relation possible. Chinese said women were incapable to lead so they said that bewitching was the cause. She was very popular and was refered to as a queen. “the queen of law” and queen of war. Had male servant who spoke.

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Kofun period

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Stratified society classes very separated. known for key hole shaped tombs. Kofun means tomb. Follows the yayoi period. Uji were the rulers they claimed they were descendants of deities. They started moving towards central authority. claimed legitimacy from ties with china. Uji went on to form nobility of japan. Aristocratic originated during this period and progresses.

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Shinto

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natural spirituality of japenese ppl. Incorporates from spiritual practices from tradition. Didn’t emerge as religion until Buddhism Confucianism. Practice actions and rituals instead of word. Honor and celebrate presence of diety. incorporates spiritual practices that came from local and prehistoric traditions.

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Amaterasu

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sun goddess from Shinto religion. She falls into the highest deities. Ameterau family based position on hers linking politics and religion.

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Prince Shotoku

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Developed the constitution and waned to create centralized powers specifically for Confucian and Buddhist ideas. Wated to educate nobles, and impose harmony based on hierachal relationships and Confucian notions. Consolidate power to one man not over all lands. Based on Chinese model. Education for nobles because separation still existed. Brought merit system for ppl who served. Talks about duty and public service. The minister has public interest in mind as it governs. Everyone needs to educated in confuian moral. Attempt to structure japan political system after Chinese with intense borrowing. One example of constitution : first to really think in terms of applying Chinese ideas to Japanese society.

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Shoen

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Large estates that were tax free. A legal way to get your land to be tax free was to say it came from the emperor or new land for cultivation, or if it was a monestary/temple. Free from government control. Mid heon era is when idea expaned . contributed to political decentralization which was problem had emperor with lots of little power based areas that were independent.

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Fujiwara Regency

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Fujiwara was marrying their daughters to imperial princes so that they can control the govt. The regency developed bcuz the emperor was bogged down with ceremonies and ritual, and delegated the day to day affairs. This lead to decentralization which hurt. The idea ws to have a all powerful emperor. Future govts used the military dictatorship that followed the period. Weaked emperor not making him stronger.

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Samurai

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a new social and economical class they had to own land. Owning land gve them income. They developed along with the shoens. They fought for rewards, social andvancement and personal glory. They wernt fighting for lords. Not self sacrificing rather self promoting. kamakura base away from imperial family weakness of kamakura alliances so no unified control

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Tale of Genji

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First written novel in 1008. Murasaki wrote it. It was written in japenese. Semi biographical. Tells about court life high culture of heon era. Beauty of women stayed with japenese culture.

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Mongol Invasions

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1274 and 1281 dates of invasion. Not successful. Storms moved in a repelled them. Wasn’t unified so army had to get together and fight as one there was no national army. Much of japan destroyed through fighting. no taxes no treasury couldnt pay those who fought led to Power shifts .

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Onin War

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civil war set in capital within ashikaga family about who would be next shogun. Not about emperor. Fought in koito until it was destroyed. Now the showgun and emperor had power. During sengoku period.

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Sengoku Period

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theres political instability social movement in classes so that those at bottom could move up. Result of onin war. Literally meaning warring states. This was a civil war. Daiyimo people rose up . no one in power. No one wanted title of shogun or emperor. No longer held any power.

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Oda Nobunaga

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Was the initator of of unification of japan sixteenth century under rule of shogun. A rule tht ended with japan opened to western world. Major daimayo during the sengoku period.

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Toyotomi Hideyoshi

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was daiyamo during sengoku period who unigified political factions of japan succeded oda nobunga brought end to sengoku period. Referred to as the second great unifier.

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Tokugawa Ieyasu

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was the founder and first shogun of tokugawa shogun he seized power in 1600 then became shogun 3 years later. Left office in 1605 but remained in power till death in 1616

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Sankin Kotai (alternate attendence)

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Was policy of the shogunate during most of edo period. Purpose was to control the deiymo. the policy was continuing refining policies of toyotomi hideyoshi.

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Shogun and emperor relationship

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emperor appoints shogun emperor has higher status shogun has more power then emperor relies on shogun for support and wealth shogun relies on emperor for title.