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20 Cards in this Set
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Generic: Levodopa-Carbidopa
Trade: Sinemet, Parcopa Lab Values: Increase uric acid, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, and bilirubin. May decrease hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, granulocyte and platelet counts. Therapeutic Class: Antiparkinsonians Pharmacologic Class: Decarboxylase inhibitors - dopamine precursors |
Indication: Idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Adverse Reaction: Suicidal tendencies, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, MI, GI bleeding, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia Mechanism of Action: Levodopa, a dopamine precursor, relieves parkinsonian symptoms by being converted to dopamine in the brain. Carbidopa inhibits the decarboxylation of peripheral levodopa, which allows more intact levodopa to travel to the brain. |
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Generic: Citalopram Hydrobromide
Trade: Celexa Lab Values: None reported. Therapeutic Class: Antidepressants Pharmacologic Class: SSRI's (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) |
Indication: Depression, premenstrual disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Adverse Reaction: Suicide attempt Mechanism of Action: Probably linked to potentiation of serotonergic activity in the CNS resulting from inhibition of neuronal reuptake of serotonin. |
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Generic: Bimatoprost
Trade: Latisse, Lumigan Lab Values: May cause abnormal liver function test values. Therapeutic Class: Antiglaucoma Drugs Pharmacologic Class: Prostaglandin Analogues |
Indication: Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in pt. with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, hypotrichosis of the eyelashes
Adverse Reaction: hyperpigmentation of periocular skin, conjuntival hyperemia, cataract Mechanism of Action: Has ocular hypotensive activity, which selectively mimics the effects of naturally occurring prostaglandins. Drug may also increase outflow of aqueous humor. Mechanism in treating hypotrichosis is unknown. |
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Generic: Domperidone
Trade: Motillium Lab Values: Decrease in ALT, AST, cholesterol. Increase in prolactin. Therapeutic Class: Antiemetic Pharmacologic Class: Dopaminergic Blocking Agent |
Indication: Treatment of nausea and vomiting, G.E.R.D., Parkinson's disease, gastroparesis,
Adverse Reaction: Gynecomastia, galactorrhea, edema, dysuria, Mechanism of Action: Antiemetic properties of dopamine are related to its dopamine receptor blocking activity at both the chemoreceptor trigger one and at the gastric level. |
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Generic: Allopurinol
Trade: Zyloprim, Lopurin, Aloprim Lab Values: Increase alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, eosinophil. Decrease hemoglobin, hematocrit, granulocyte, platelet counts. Therapeutic Class: Antigout Drugs Pharmacologic Class: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors |
Indication: Gout or hyperuricemia, prevent uric acid nephropathy during cancer chemotherapy, recurrent calcium oxalate calculi
Adverse Reaction: Renal failure, acute gout attack Mechanism of Action: Reduces uric acid production by inhibiting xanthine oxidase. |
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Generic: Senna
Trade: Senokot Lab Values: Electrolyte imbalances, esp Potassium Therapeutic Class: Laxatives Pharmacologic Class: Stimulant Laxative |
Indication: Irritable bowel syndrome, hemorrhoids, weight loss, constipation
Adverse Reaction: Stomach discomfort, diarrhea, dependence on senna, dehydration Mechanism of Action: N/A |
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Generic: Clonazepam
Trade: Klonopin Lab Values: May increase liver function test values and eosinophil count. May decrease platelet and WBC counts. Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Pharmacologic Class: Benzodiazepines |
Indication: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, atypical absence seizures, akinetic and myoclonic seizures, panic disorder, bipolar disorder (manic or mixed episodes), tic disorders.
Adverse Reaction: Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Mechanism of Action: Probably acts by facilitating the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. |
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Generic: Bisocadyl
Trade: Dulcolax Lab Values: Electrolytes Therapeutic Class: Laxatives Pharmacologic Class: N/A |
Indication: Constipation, intestinal cleaning.
Adverse Reaction: Faintness, proctitis, perineal irritation Mechanism of Action: Stimulates colonic mucosa, producing parasympathetic reflexes that enhance peristalsis and increase water and electrolyte secretion, thereby causing evacuation of colon. |
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Generic: Metformin Hydrochloride
Trade: Fortamet, Glucophage, Glumetza, Riomet Lab Values: May decrease vitamin B12 and hemoglobin levels. Therapeutic Class: Antidiabetics Pharmacologic Class: Biguanides |
Indication: Adjunct to diet to lower glucose in pt. with type II diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome
Adverse Reaction: Lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia Mechanism of Action: Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity (increases peripheral glucose uptake and use). |
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Generic: Lactulose
Trade: Cholac, Constilac, Constulose Lab Values: None reported. Therapeutic Class: Laxatives Pharmacologic Class: Disaccharides |
Indication: Constipation, prevent hepatic encephalopathy, treatment of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy
Adverse Reaction: abdominal cramps, gaseous distension, nausea, vomiting Mechanism of Action: Produces an osmotic effect in colon; resulting distension promotes peristalsis. Also decreases ammonia, probably as a result of bacterial degradation, which lowers the pH of colon contents. |
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Generic: Felodipine
Trade: Plendil, Renedil Lab Values: None reported. Therapeutic Class: Antihypertensives Pharmacologic Class: Calcium Channel Blockers |
Indication: Hypertension, pediatric hypertension
Adverse Reaction: Peripheral edema, paresthesia, upper respiratory tract infection Mechanism of Action: A dihydropyridine-derivative calcium channel blocker that prevents entry of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac cells; shows some selectivity for smooth muscle compared with cardiac muscle. |
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Generic: Pravastatin Sodium
Trade: Pravachol Lab Values: Increase ALT, AST, CK, alkaline phosphatase, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and bilirubin. May alter thyroid function test values. Therapeutic Class: Antilipemics Pharmacologic Class: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
Indication: Primary and secondary prevention of coronary events, hyperlipidemia, heterozygous familial hypercholestrolemia.
Adverse Reaction: Renal failure caused by myoglobinuria. Mechanism of Action: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an early (and rate-limiting) step in cholesterol biosynthesis. |
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Generic: Tamulosin Hydrochloride
Trade: Flomax Lab Values: None reported. Therapeutic Class: BPH drugs Pharmacologic Class: Alpha Blockers |
Indication: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (enlarged prostate gland), adjunctive treatment of ureteral stones.
Adverse Reaction: Syncope, chest pain, infection, tooth disorder. Mechanism of Action: Selectively blocks alpha receptors in the prostate, leading to relaxation of smooth muscles in the bladder neck and prostate, improving urine flow and reducing symptoms of BPH. |
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Generic: Fentanyl (transdermal)
Trade: Duragesic (12, 25, 50, 75, 100) Lab Values: May increase amylase and lipase levels Therapeutic Class: Opioid Analgesics Pharmacologic Class: Opioid Agonists |
Indication: Adjunct to general anesthetic, regional anaesthetic, postoperative pain, restlessness, tachypnea, and emergence delirium, to manage persistent, moderate, to severe chronic pain in opioid tolerant pt. for extended periods of time, manage breakthrough cancer pain in pt. already receiving opioids,
Adverse Reaction: Arrhythmias, DVT, PE, apnea, hypoventilation, respiratory depression Mechanism of Action: Binds with opioid receptors in the CNS, altering perception of and emotional response to pain. |
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Generic: Magnesium Hydroxide
Trade: Milk of Magnesia Lab Values: May alter fluid and electrolyte levels with prolonged use. Therapeutic Class: Laxatives Pharmacologic Class: Magnesium Salts |
Indication: Constipation; to evacuate bowel before surgery.
Adverse Reaction: Fluid and electrolyte disturbances with daily use, laxative dependence with long-term/ excessive use. Mechanism of Action: Saline laxative that produces an osmotic effect in the small intestine by drawing water into the intestinal lumen. |
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Generic: Ondansetron
Trade: Zuplenz, Zofran Lab Values: May increase ALT and AST levels. Therapeutic Class: Antiemetics Pharmacologic Class: Selective Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Antagonists |
Indication: To prevent nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, pregnancy, opioid-related pruritus, postanesthetic shivering
Adverse Reaction: arrhythmias, hypoxia, urine retention Mechanism of Action: May block 5-HT3 in the CNS in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and in the peripheral nervous system on nerve terminals of the vagus nerve. |
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Generic: Dimenhydrinate
Trade: Dinate, Gravol, Dramamine Lab Values: May prevent, reduce, or mask diagnotic skin test response. May alter xanthine (caffeine, aminophylline) test results. Therapeutic Class: Antivertigo Drugs Pharmacologic Class: Anticholinergics |
Indication: To prevent and treat motion sickness
Adverse Reaction: Anaphylaxis Mechanism of Action: May affect neural pathways originating in the labyrinth to inhibit nausea and vomiting. |
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Generic: Sodium Phosphates
Trade: Fleet Enema, Pedia-Lax Lab Values: May increase sodium and phosphate levels. May decrease electrolyte level with prolonged use. Therapeutic Class: Laxatives Pharmacologic Class: Acid Salts |
Indication: Constipation
Adverse Reaction: Laxative dependence, peritanal irritation. Mechanism of Action: Saline laxative that produces an osmotic effect in the small intestine by drawing water into the intestinal lumen. |
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Generic: Perindopril Erbumine
Trade: Aceon, Coversyl Lab Values: May increase ALT, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, cholesterol, potassium, and creatinine levels. Therapeutic Class: Antihypertensives Pharmacologic Class: ACE Inhibitors |
Indication: Reduce risk of CV death or non-fatal Mi in pt. with stable coronary artery disease, essential hypertension, heart failure
Adverse Reaction: hyperkalemia Mechanism of Action: Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Less angiotensin II decreases peripheral arterial resistance, decreasing aldosterone secretion, which reduces sodium and water retention and lowers BP. |
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Generic: Indapamide
Trade: Lozide Lab Values: May increase BUN, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, tryglyceride, calcium, and uric acid levels. May decrease potassium, sodium, phosphate, and chloride levels. Therapeutic Class: Diuretics Pharmacologic Class: Thiazide-like Diuretics |
Indication: Edema of heart failure, hypertension
Adverse Reaction: gout, infection, epigastric distress Mechanism of Action: Enhances excretion of sodium chloride and water by interfering with sodium transport in the distal tubule. |
