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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sexual reproduction
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a type of reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells combine to form offspring with genetic material from both cells
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gene
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the basic unit of heredity that consist of a segment of DNA on a chromosome
- determines what trait will devolp; unity of heredity; specific location on a chromosome, inherited |
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heredity
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the passing of genes from parents to offspring. the genes are expressed in the traits of the offspring
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allele
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an alternate form of a gene for a specific trait or gene product
- variations of the same gene; homolog; traits; two of each gene in one organism |
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phenotype
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the observable characteristics or traits of an organism. an example would be hair color or eye color
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genotype
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the genetic makeup of an organism; all the genes that an organism has.
the dominant or recessive alleles for hair color or eye color |
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dominant
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a term that describes the allele that determines the phenotype of an individual organism when two different copies are present in the genotype
- does not matter waht the allele is |
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recessive
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a term that describes an allele that is not expressed when combined with a dominate form of the gene.
- only when 2 copies are present - DOES matter what the other allele is |
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punnett square
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a chart used to show all the ways genes from two parents can combine and be passed can combine and be passed to offspring
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ratio
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a comparison between two qualities, often written with a colon 13:41
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probability
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the likelihood or chance that a specific outcome will occur out of a total number of outcomes.
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percentage
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a ratio that states the number of times an outcome is likely to occur out of a possible 100 times
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gamete
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a sperm or egg cell, containing half the usual number of an organism found only in reproductive organs of plant/animal
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egg
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a female reproductive cell
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sperm
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a male reproductive cell
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fertilization
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part of a process of sexual reproduction in which a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell combine to make a new cell that can develop into a new organism
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meiosis
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a part of sexual reductive in which cells divide to form sperm cells in a male and egg cells in a female
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chromosomes
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DNA wrapped around proteins like thread around a spool and compacted into structures
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True or false?: Before division, the chromosomes compact more and become visible under a ligh microscope.
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true
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mitosis
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the phase in the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides
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asexual reproduction
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the process by which a single organism produces offspring that have the same genetic material
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DNA
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Deoxy-ribo Nucleic Acid
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Some traits are ______________, not inherited.
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acquired
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learned behaviors, such as the ability to read and write, and ride a bike are skills you learn. these are called ____________traits.
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acquired
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True or false?: Cells contain chromosomes
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True
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True or false?: Some organisms reproduce with asexual reproduction.
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True
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Genes are on chromosome pairs. What function do genes serve?
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Genes code for traits in organisms. Such traits may be height, eye color, or skin color.
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The x-and y-chromosomes perform 2 functions in humans?
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1. to determine the sex of an offspring.
2. they carry important genes just as other chromosomes do. |
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cells contain what?
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chromosomes
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examples of inherited traits are....
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eye color, skin color & hair color
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examples of acquired traits are....
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reading and writing, riding a bike, tie shoes
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Who was the scientist who made some important discoveries about heredity?
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Gregor Mendel
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a human female has how many x-chromosomes and how many y-chromosomes?
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2 x
0 y |
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a human male has how many x-chromosomes and how many y-chromosomes?
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1 x
1 y |
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most sex-linked traits are
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recessive
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if a female carries a recessive allele on her x-chromosome with a dominant allele on her other x-chromosome, she will not exhibit the trait, but would be called a _____________.
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carrier
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true or false: patterns of heredity can be predicted?
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true
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