Jada Science 8 Chptr 4: Patterns Of Heredity

Front 1

sexual reproduction

Back 1

a type of reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells combine to form offspring with genetic material from both cells

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gene

Back 2

the basic unit of heredity that consist of a segment of DNA on a chromosome
- determines what trait will devolp; unity of heredity; specific location on a chromosome, inherited

Front 3

heredity

Back 3

the passing of genes from parents to offspring. the genes are expressed in the traits of the offspring

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allele

Back 4

an alternate form of a gene for a specific trait or gene product
- variations of the same gene; homolog; traits; two of each gene in one organism

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phenotype

Back 5

the observable characteristics or traits of an organism. an example would be hair color or eye color

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genotype

Back 6

the genetic makeup of an organism; all the genes that an organism has.
the dominant or recessive alleles for hair color or eye color

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dominant

Back 7

a term that describes the allele that determines the phenotype of an individual organism when two different copies are present in the genotype
- does not matter waht the allele is

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recessive

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a term that describes an allele that is not expressed when combined with a dominate form of the gene.
- only when 2 copies are present
- DOES matter what the other allele is

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punnett square

Back 9

a chart used to show all the ways genes from two parents can combine and be passed can combine and be passed to offspring

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ratio

Back 10

a comparison between two qualities, often written with a colon 13:41

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probability

Back 11

the likelihood or chance that a specific outcome will occur out of a total number of outcomes.

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percentage

Back 12

a ratio that states the number of times an outcome is likely to occur out of a possible 100 times

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gamete

Back 13

a sperm or egg cell, containing half the usual number of an organism found only in reproductive organs of plant/animal

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egg

Back 14

a female reproductive cell

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sperm

Back 15

a male reproductive cell

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fertilization

Back 16

part of a process of sexual reproduction in which a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell combine to make a new cell that can develop into a new organism

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meiosis

Back 17

a part of sexual reductive in which cells divide to form sperm cells in a male and egg cells in a female

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chromosomes

Back 18

DNA wrapped around proteins like thread around a spool and compacted into structures

Front 19

True or false?: Before division, the chromosomes compact more and become visible under a ligh microscope.

Back 19

true

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mitosis

Back 20

the phase in the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides

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asexual reproduction

Back 21

the process by which a single organism produces offspring that have the same genetic material

Front 22

DNA

Back 22

Deoxy-ribo Nucleic Acid

Front 23

Some traits are ______________, not inherited.

Back 23

acquired

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learned behaviors, such as the ability to read and write, and ride a bike are skills you learn. these are called ____________traits.

Back 24

acquired

Front 25

True or false?: Cells contain chromosomes

Back 25

True

Front 26

True or false?: Some organisms reproduce with asexual reproduction.

Back 26

True

Front 27

Genes are on chromosome pairs. What function do genes serve?

Back 27

Genes code for traits in organisms. Such traits may be height, eye color, or skin color.

Front 28

The x-and y-chromosomes perform 2 functions in humans?

Back 28

1. to determine the sex of an offspring.
2. they carry important genes just as other chromosomes do.

Front 29

cells contain what?

Back 29

chromosomes

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examples of inherited traits are....

Back 30

eye color, skin color & hair color

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examples of acquired traits are....

Back 31

reading and writing, riding a bike, tie shoes

Front 32

Who was the scientist who made some important discoveries about heredity?

Back 32

Gregor Mendel

Front 33

a human female has how many x-chromosomes and how many y-chromosomes?

Back 33

2 x
0 y

Front 34

a human male has how many x-chromosomes and how many y-chromosomes?

Back 34

1 x
1 y

Front 35

most sex-linked traits are

Back 35

recessive

Front 36

if a female carries a recessive allele on her x-chromosome with a dominant allele on her other x-chromosome, she will not exhibit the trait, but would be called a _____________.

Back 36

carrier

Front 37

true or false: patterns of heredity can be predicted?

Back 37

true