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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which election had several "Favorite Sons"? |
The election of 1824
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What does the term "favorite son" mean? |
When people vote for a candidate because the candidate came from the section of the country as the voters. |
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Why were there several favorite sons in the election of 1824? |
There was only one political party |
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Who were the candidates in the election of 1824 |
-Jackson (Tenn) -Henry Clay (ky) -John Quincy Adams (Mass) -William Crawford (Ga)
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What were the overall results of the 1824 election? |
Pop. vote Electoral Jackson 153,500 99 Adams 108,700 84 Clay 47,100 37 Crawford 46,600 41 |
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Why did the election of 1824 have to go to the house of representatives? |
No one received a majority of the electoral votes (131). |
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Which candidate could not be considered by the house of representatives in the election of 1824 and why? |
Clay because only the top three candidates advanced. |
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Why did the election of 1824 go from a three man race to a two man race? |
William Crawford suffered a stroke before the House of Representatives voted. |
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How was the vote set up in the House of the Representatives for the election of 1824? |
Each state got one vote |
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What were the results of the House of the Representatives vote for the election of 1824? |
Adams- 13 votes Jackson- 11 votes Crawford - 0 votes
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How did Clay affect the vote of the House of the representatives in the election of 1824? |
As Speaker of the House he gave his support to Adams. |
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Who was Adam's Vice President? |
Calhoun |
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Who was secretary of State when Adams was president and why? |
Henry Clay because he and Adams agreed on foreign policy. |
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What did Jackson and his followers think about the final results of the election of 1824? |
The felt that there was a "Corrupt Bargain" between Adams and Clay. |
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What did Jackson feel was the "Corrupt Bargain" between Adams and Clay? |
He thought that Clay was promised Sec. of State if Adams won the election. |
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What happened due to the "Corrupt Bargain"? |
Two political parties emerged:
Democrats- followers of Jackson National Republicans - followers of Adams |
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What year was John Quincy Adams born and what year did he die? |
Born- 1767 Died- 1848 |
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Why was John Quincy Adams raised in the presence of politics? |
His father was John Adams. |
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What did John Quincy Adams do to show his extreme intelligenc? |
He graduated from Harvard at the age of 20 and spoke 5 different languages. |
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What was John Quincy Adams previous political experience? |
-Ambassador to England - Sec. of State under Monroe Great Negotiator- Adams-Onis Treaty, Monroe doctrine |
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What was John Quincy Adams long term vision for the U.S.? |
He saw us expanding all of the way to the Pacific Ocean. He wanted to U.S. to have a national (public) university to keep tuition down. He was also the driving force behind the Smithsonian Institute (along with James Smithson) |
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What did John Quincy Adams daily routine involve? |
Get up at 5 a.m. Read the Bible Wrote in his diary Went to work |
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Why did John Quincy Adams have the "gag rule" placed on him when he served in Congress? |
He was the 1st member of Congress to speak out against slavery.
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When J.Q Adams was president why did he like protective tariffs and a national bank? |
He was a product of New England and his father was a federalist. These beliefs were not popular in the South. |
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Why did the South think that Adams only cared about the Northeast? |
The South had been spoiled by the Southern Presidents for the past 24 years. (Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe) |
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Why did the Democrats accuse J.Q. Adams of overspending ? |
He bought a pool table and chess table for the White House . Democrats thought that this was wasteful spending and that it brought gambling into the White House. |
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Why did the Democrats accuse J.Q. Adams of trying to take over the government and the country? |
The ideas of the national university and museum were not needed and not in the Constitution |
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What kind of background did Jackson come from? |
-Poor -First president born west of the Appalachians -An orphan -Education of a second grader |
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What year was Jackson born and what year did he die? |
Born- 1767 Died- 1845 |
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Which president was Jackson? |
Seventh |
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What age did Jackson become an orphan? |
14 |
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How did Jackson become an orphan? |
Youngest of 3 sons- His father died a few days before he was born. His older brother died in 1780 in the Revolutionary War. His other brother died in 1781 of small pox as did his mother a few days later. |
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When Jackson was a kid what did a soldier hit him in the head with? |
A sword |
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Why did Jackson leave after two years of grammar school? |
He left to fight in the revolutionary war at the age of 13. |
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What happened to Jackson during the Revolutionary War? |
-He was captured by the British and became a prisoner of war. -A British officer ordered Jackson to clean his boots and when he refused the officer swung his sword catching his hand and head, leaving scars for life. |
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What did Jackson do in 1788? |
He became the Attorney General of the Tennessee territory. |
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What was Jackson's primary duty as Attorney General of Tennessee? |
To make sure that settlers had paid for the land that they had settled. Which allowed Jackson to use his aggressiveness against people who had not paid their debts. |
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How was Jackson paid as Attorney General of Tennessee? |
His salary was a percentage of the money he collected. |
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When did Jackson build his wealth? |
While he was Attorney General of Tennessee. |
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What was the Hermitage? |
A large plantation outside of Nashville that Jackson bought. |
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Who and when did Jackson first marry? |
Rachel Donelson Robards in August 1791. |
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What happened to Rachel Donelson Robards first husband? |
He did not come back after the Revolutionary War. It was understood that her first marriage ended in divorce. |
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What did they discover about Rachel Donelson Robard in 1793? |
That her divorce was not legal, which made her marriage to Jackson Nullified. |
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When did Jackson and Rachel legally get married? |
1794 |
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What caused a great deal of controversy for Jackson when he ran for president? |
Rachels first marriage and lack of legal divorce. |
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How did Rachel die? |
She died from the stress of the presidential campaign. |
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How many duels was Jackson involved in during his life? |
5 |
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Who and when did Jackson kill in a duel? |
Charles Dickinson in 1806 |
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Why did Jackson and Dickinson duel? |
Dickinson called Jackson a coward, among other things. |
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Describe the duel between Jackson and Dickinson. |
Dickinson was the faster draw and shot Jackson in the rib ( a bullet Jackson carried for the rest of his life), but as Jackson was falling he shot and Killed Dickinson. |
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Who were the candidates in the election of 1828? |
Republican party- J.Q. Adams- supported by the Northeast and seemed to favor the wealthy
Democrats- Andrew Jackson- party of everyday common people (farmers, middle class) |
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What is mudslinging? |
When a campaign is centered around name calling and personal attacks. |
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What negative things were said about Jackson during the presidential campaign? |
-He was called ignorant (lack of education) -He was called Murderer (for his duel with Dickinson) -He was called wife stealer (because of the complications of his wife's divorce |
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What negative things were said about J.Q. Adams during the presidential campaign? |
-He was blamed for over-spending (because of his purchase of the pool and chess tables) -He was blamed for only caring about the Northeas -He was blamed for trying to take over the government |
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What were the results of the 1828 election? |
Pop. vote E.V. Jackson 650,000 178 J.Q. Adams 510,000 83 |
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Jackson was the first president to do what things? |
-To be elected from west of the Appalachians -To come from the lower class -To not have a prominent place in society |
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Who was Jackson's V.P during his first term? |
John Calhoun (South Carolina)
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John Calhoun was the only person to do what? |
To be back to back Vice President from different parties.
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Who was sec. of State during Jackson's first term? |
Martin Van Buren (New York) |
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What is the spoil system? |
When an elected official gives appointed positions to friends or people who helped get him/her elected. |
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What are pros to the spoil system? |
Creates a great deal of loyalty to elected officials and to the political party.
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What are cons of the spoil system? |
Appointed officials could be unqualified Corruption Unfair- not necessarily the best candidate is chosen (It's not what you know but who you know) |
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What was the Kitchen Cabinet? |
A group of politicians and newspaper writers who Jackson met with in the Kitchen of the White House because he did not trust his cabinet. |
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Why did Jackson pick the particular people that he met with in the kitchen cabinet? |
He felt that they were much closer to the people. |
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Who was the first president to use pocket veto? |
Jackson |
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The first pocket veto was an example of what? |
Jackson using his full powers as President. |
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Who was Jackson's Secretary of War? |
John Eaton |
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What was the problem concerning John Eaton's wife, Peggy Eaton? |
She was considered an outcast with other cabinet member's wives because she did not come from the same social background. Her father owned a bar where she worked growing up. The other wives did not treat her equally because she was considered poor |
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What was Jackson's response to Peggy Eaton's situation? |
He sided with Peggy and told the other wives that they had to eat with Peggy or their husbands would be fired.
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Why did Jackson side with Peggy Eaton? |
-He came from a poor background too - His wife was criticized during his presidential campaign and he felt that she died from the pressure she felt during the campaign |
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What was the Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830? |
A debate about the tariff and how the South had become enslaved by the factories of the Northeast.
States Rights- whether a state can nullify a federal law because it does not benefit that particular state |
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Who argued for the South in the Webster- Hayne debate? |
Robert Hayne (South Carolina) |
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What was Robert Haynes argument? |
That the South had been hurt by the high tariff and had seen very few benefits.
The South had been taken advantage of the Federal Government and should be able to stop this abuse. |
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Who argued for the Northeast on the Webster -Hayne debate/ |
Daniel Webster (Massachusetts) |
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What was Daniel Webster's argument? |
That all states must obey the Federal laws because the Federal Government must do what is best for the entire country |
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Who had the advantage in the Webster - Hayne debate and why? |
Daniel Webster because he was considered to be the best public speaker in the U.S. at that time
He had a powerful voice
He had a sense for the dramatic |
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How long did the Webster - Hayne debate last? |
3 days |
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Who represented state rights and nullification in the Webster - Hayne debate? |
Robert Hayne |
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Who represented Nationalism in the Webster -Hayne debate? |
Daniel Webster |
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What was defined in the Webster- Hayne debate? |
The differences in beliefs between the North and the South |
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What was the result of the Webster- Hayne debate? |
Hard to pick a winner
Had a lasting impact on the friction between North and South |
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The South Carolina Exposition of 1832 led to what? |
The Nullification Crisis (1832-33) |
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What was the South Carolina Exposition? |
South Carolina felt that the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were too high and that they would not be collected in South Carolina.
This was the practice of nullification
They also stated that if the Federal Government tried to force them to enforce the tariff that they would secede. |
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Who led the South Carolina Exposition? |
John Calhoun V.P. |
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Why did John Calhoun lead the South Carolina Exposition? |
He had already been told that he would not be nominated as V.P. for Jackson's 2nd term.
Calhoun was showing his loyalty to South Carolina over the U.S. |
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What was Jackson's reaction to the South Carolina Exposition? |
He was furious claiming that South Carolina was violating "the letter of the Constitution"
He said he would use force to stop them |
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What was the Force Bill that Congress passed in regards to the South Carolina Exposition? |
Stated that the U.S. army and navy could be used if state officials refused to cooperate with federal tax collectors. |
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Who introduced a tariff reduction bill because of the South Carolina exposition? |
Henry Clay |
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What did the tariff reduction bill state? |
That the tariff would be lowered over a 10 year period. |
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What was the result of the South Carolina Exposition? |
The tariff was to be lowered over a ten year period
South Carolina would continue to pay the tariff
Both sides claimed victory
The issue of nullification still remained. |
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What was the Maysville Road bill? |
Henry Clay wanted a road built from Maysville, Kentucky to Lexington, Kentucky and he wanted federal and state funds to build this road. |
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What happened to the Maysville Road bill when it was sent to congress? |
They passed it because of Clay's power in congress
So the bill was sent to Jackson |
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What did Jackson do with the Maysville Road bill when it was sent to him? |
He vetoed the bill because he felt that federal government money should not be used for a project that only benefitted one state
It was also a chance to get revenge on Clay for "corrupt bargain" |
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What are the reasons that Calhoun would not run as V.P for a second term? |
The Eaton affair- Calhoun's wife would not socialize with Peggy Eaton Nullification- Calhoun was a sectionalist who felt that each state had this right, while Jackson was a nationalist who thought that this would tear the country apart Jackson found out that in 1818 Calhoun told James Monroe that Jackson could not be trusted.
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What was the B.U.S.? |
The Bank of the United States which had a charter that ran from 1816-1836 |
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Why was Jackson against the B.U.S.? |
-He felt it favored the wealthy -Farmers didn't trust paper money and felt that the wealthy were given special favors concerning loans -Jackson also disliked the president of the B.U.S., Nicholas Biddle, because he bought off newspaper reporters to write negative stories about Jackson and that claimed that Biddle was the most powerful man in the U.S. |
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What were the two jobs of the B.U.S.? |
To print money and to give loans |
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What did the B.U.S. have to do with Henry Clay running for President in 1832? |
He needed an issue for his campaign and he realized that whoever won the Presidency in 1832 would help shape the future of the B.U.S. |
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What did congress (Clay) do in 1832? |
They passed a new 20 year charter for the B.U.S. and sent the bill to Jackson. |
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What did Jackson do with the new 20 year charter of the B.U.S. that was sent to him by congress? |
He vetoed the bill and now there was an election issue. |
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Who were the candidates in the election of 1832? |
Jackson and Clay |
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What were the results of the election of 1832? |
Jackson/Van Buren - 219
Clay - 49 |
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What message did Jackson get from the results of the election of 1832? |
He felt the American people wanted him to destroy the B.U.S. |
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What did Jackson order the Secretary of Treasury, william Duane to do? |
To withdaw all of the federal government money out of the B.U.S. |
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What did Jackson do when William Duane refused to follow Jackson's order? |
Jackson fired him and replaced him with Roger Tatney, who followed his order by withdrawing all of the federal government money from the B.U.S. |
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What happened when the federal government withdrew all of their money from the B.U.S.? |
The private investors began a rush on the B.U.S. and the B.U.S. soon lost most of its money and its power. |
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Where was the that was taken out of the B.U.S. placed? |
Into local banks that were owned b loyal supporters of Jackson. |
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When the federal money was withdrawn from the B.U.S. and put into the local banks of the supporters of Jackson this is an example of what? |
The Spoils System |
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What were the local banks that Jackson used for the federal money known as? |
The "Pet Banks" |
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What important power did the "Pet Banks" possess? |
Printing money |
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What is the specie circular (1836)? |
Stated that all land had to be bought with gold or silver (coin) |
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What caused the inflation in 1836? |
- The pet banks wee printing too much paper money, which caused inflation. - Gold standard was ignored by the pet banks. -The pet banks were giving out too many loans that people could not repay. (default) |
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Why did the government pass the species circular law? |
The government wanted to get a control over inflation. |
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What 2 effects did the Species Circular have? |
There was a rush on the banks (people who wanted to buy land went to the banks to trade their paper money for gold and silver)
It also showed that the U.S. government no longer trusted paper money |
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What was the final result of the Species circular law? |
There was a rush on the banks for gold and silver, and the banks did not have enough so the banks closed (bankrupt) |
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What was the panic of 1837? |
The banks began to close and panic set in. |
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What were the reasons for the panic of 1837? |
-Too much money was printed -Banks gave questionable loans and people no longer trusted paper money the banks wanted the loans paid back in gold or silver -The banks began recalling loans in gold or silver -British banks began recalling their loans to American banks and demanded gold or silver, which caused more banks to close -There was more paper money than gold or silver |
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When was the Whig party formed? |
1834 |
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Who formed the Whig party? |
People who hated Jackson |
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What reasons were the whig party formed? |
-Southerners who believed in States' Rights -They were followers of Webster and Clay -They liked the Bank of the United States -They liked high tariffs |
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What was the most controversial thing that Jackson ever did? |
The trail of tears- he wanted all Native Americans to be moved west of the Mississippi River |
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Why did Jackson want to move all of the Native Americans? |
He believed that Native Americans and whites couldn't live together |
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In what two states did the Cherokee Indians have a reservation? |
North Carolina and Georgia |
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what steps had the Cherokee Indians taken to fit into the American society? |
-They established a school for their children -They had established a newspaper (the "Cherokee Phoenix) -They had invented an alphabet for their language |
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What did Jackson ignore by making the Cherokee Indians walk to Oklahoma? |
He ignored two supreme court decisions that stated that the Cherokee could keep their land |
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What was the trail of tears? |
The march of the Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma forced on them by Jackson |
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Why was the march of the Cherokee Indians known as the trail of tears? |
-It was 800 miles -4,000 Cherokees died from malnutrition, disease and fatigue |
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Why is there a Cherokee Reservation in the North Carolina today? |
A small group of Cherokee refused to leave North Carolina and hid in the Smoky Mountains |
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Who were the candidates of the 1836 presidential election? |
Jackson hand picked Van Buren (former Sec. of State and V.P.)
The whigs chose favorites sons: Hugh White(Tenn), Harrison(Ohio), and Daniel Webster(Mass)W |
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What were the results of the election of 1836? |
Pop Vote E.V. Van Buren 764,000 170 Harrison 551,000 73 White 146,000 26 Webster 42,000 14 |
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What does Laissez Faire economics mean? |
That the government should not interfere with the economy |
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Which President believed in Laissez Faire economics? |
Van Buren |
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What was the Independent Treasury Act of 1840? |
It withdrew money from the "Pet Banks" and placed it into government vaults to take money out of the economy |
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Why was the Independent Treasury Act of 1840 not effective? |
The panic of 1837 was too far along for a small act to really make an impact |
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Why did Van Buren become more and more unpopular as his term progressed? |
The public blamed him for the Panic of 1837 |
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Who were the candidates of the 1840 election? |
Democrats- Van Buren
Whigs-William H. Harrison - war hero |
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What does incumbent mean? |
Someone who already holds that position and is running for reelection |
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Who did Harrison choose as his running mate for Vice President? |
John Tyler (Va.) He was a former Democrat who believed in States rights |
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Which Presidential campaign was know as the "1st Modern Campaign in U.S. History"? |
Election of 1840 |
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What was the first and most famous campaign slogan? |
"Tippecanoe and Tyler too!" |
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What did the first campaign slogan refer to? |
Harrison's military experience |
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Who was the 1st presidential candidate to give campaign speeches? |
Harrison |
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What was the idea of a campaign speech? |
To project an image of a candidate, even if it wasn't true |
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What was Clay and Webster's plan for the election of 1840? |
They wanted to get Harrison elected as president and then they would run the government from behind the scenes. |
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What were the results of the 1840 election? |
Pop. Vote E.V. Van Buren/ 1,127,000 60 Richard Johnson
Harrison/Tyler 1,274,000 234
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What was unique about Harrison's inauguration speech? |
It was the longest in U.S. history- one hour and forty minutes in the cold |
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What did Harrison do after his inauguration speech and why? |
He walked to the white house to prove he wasn't old |
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What happened to Harrison after his inauguration? |
He got a cold, developed int pneumonia and died 30 days in office. |
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What nickname was John Tyler known as? |
The "President by Accident" because no one meant for him to become President |
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What was Tyler's Presidency known as? |
" 4 frustrating years" |
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Why was Tyler's Presidency known as " 4 frustrating years"? |
-He immediately refused to go along with Clay and Webster's plan -He vetoed every Whig bill passed except for one over 4 years -He did not get along with his cabinet, they agreed to server for Harrison not him -Every cabinet member except for Webster resigned |
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What was the only Whig bill that Tyler did not veto? |
A spending bill keeping the government operating |
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What did John Deere do? |
Developed the steel plow and started a farm machinery shop |
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What did Cyrus McCormick do? |
He invented the McCormick reaper to cut wheat more effectively |
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What did Elias Howe do? |
He invented the sewing machine |
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What did I.M. Singer do? |
-He invented the foot treadle -He began advertising in magazines -He began the installment plan |
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What did Samuel Morse do? |
He invented the telegraph and Morse code |
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What did Charles Goodyear do? |
He invented vulcanized rubber |
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What did Dorothea Dix do? |
-Started the movement for better care for the mentally ill -She found people with mental problems in jails, closets, attics, and cellars
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What was Nat Turner's Revolt (1831)? |
The largest slave rebellion in U.S. history |
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Who was Nat Turner? |
He was a slave in Virginia and he led a group of 50-60 slaves that killed 60 whites |
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What did Harriet Tubman do? |
-She was one of the most famous "conductors of the Underground Railroad" -She helped over 300 slaves, including her own family escape to freedom and was known as "Moses" |
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Who was Frederick Douglass? |
-One of the leaders of the anti-slavery movement
-He started an anti-slavery newspaper called The North Star. |
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Who was william Lloyd Garrison? |
-He began the anti-slavery newspaper called The Liberator
-He was a white northerner who was captered by slavery supporters and dragged through the streets of Boston |
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What was the women's movement? |
women began to speak out about their rights |
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Who played a key role in the women's movement? |
Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
