Iv Therapy Study Guide 4

Front 1

What is homeostasis?

Back 1

The state of equilibrium (balance, in body that is naturally maintained by the adaptive responses that promotes a healthy survival.

Front 2

What are cations?

Back 2

Positive charged ions

Front 3

What are anions?

Back 3

Negative charged ions

Front 4

What is the charge, normal level, and major location of sodium?

Back 4

cation
norm range: 135-145 mEq/L
extracellular

Front 5

What is the charge, normal level, and major location of potassium?

Back 5

cation
norm range: 3.5-5.5 mEq/L
intracellular

Front 6

What is the charge, normal level, and major location of calcium?

Back 6

cation
norm range: 8.5-10.5 mEq/L
in bones

Front 7

What is the charge, normal level, and major location of magnesium?

Back 7

cation
norm range 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
intracelluar

Front 8

What is the charge, normal level, and major location of chloride?

Back 8

anion
norm range: 95-108 mEq/L
extracellular

Front 9

What is the charge, normal level, and major location of phosphate?

Back 9

anion
norm rang: 2.5-4.5 mEq/L
intracellular

Front 10

which electrolyte maintains ECF volume?

Back 10

sodium

Front 11

which electrolyte maintains ICF volume?

Back 11

potassium

Front 12

which electrolyte in excess is most closely related to dehydration?

Back 12

Sodium

Front 13

what are the causes of hypokalemia

Back 13

prolonged gastric losses, laxative overuse, potassium wasting diuretics, drugs including sodium penicillin and glucocortoids(steroids), sweat losses

Front 14

what are the causes of hyperkalemia

Back 14

▲ in potassium intake IV and oral, ▼ potassium excretion, shift of potassium out of the cells.

Front 15

what electrolye imbalance in seen w/ SIADH

Back 15

Low sodium

Front 16

which electrolyte is most closely associated w/ cardiac arrest

Back 16

high or low potassium

Front 17

which electrolyte is most @ risk to be lost in renal excretion?

Back 17

potassium

Front 18

which electrolyte elevates w/ burns and or acidosis

Back 18

potassium

Front 19

which electrolyte is related to blood clotting, and can be lowered by receiving a blood transfusion

Back 19

calcium

Front 20

which electrolyte works closely w/ sodium

Back 20

chloride

Front 21

which electrolyte faciliates transportation of sodium, potassium, across the cell membranes

Back 21

magnesium

Front 22

which electrolyte os stored up to 99% in bones

Back 22

calcium

Front 23

which electrolyte imbalance is seen w/ prolonged bed rest

Back 23

hypocalcemia

Front 24

which electrolytes require vit d, calcitonin, and the parathyroid hormone for adequate absorption and utilization

Back 24

calcium and phosphorus

Front 25

which electrolyte has an inverse relationship w/ calcium; an ▲ in one causes a ▼ in the other.

Back 25

phosphorus

Front 26

what are the effects of renal diseae on potassium magnesium and phosphprus

Back 26

they will be high

Front 27

what are the effects of removal of the parathyroid on calcium and phosphorus

Back 27

▼ calcium, ▲ potassium

Front 28

which electrolyte imbalances are the elderly most @ risk for

Back 28

high sodium

Front 29

which electrolyte is lost most with the use of loop and thiazide diuretics

Back 29

potassium

Front 30

which electrolyte abnormality are most closelt related to alcoholism and or pancreatitis

Back 30

▼ magnesium, phosphorus

Front 31

which electrolyte abnormality causes disorentation, thirst, elevated temp, and irritability

Back 31

high sodium

Front 32

which electrolyte abnormality causes muscle weakness, server fatigue, asystole

Back 32

high or low potassium, severe fatigue low potassium.

Front 33

which electrolyte abnormality causes drowsiness, lethargy, headache, and Kussmaul respirations

Back 33

high chloride

Front 34

which electrolyte abnormality causes laryngeal spasm, + Chvostek's signm and + Trousseau's sign

Back 34

low calcium

Front 35

which electrolyte abnormality causes weakneass, incoordination, renal stone formation, and deep bone pain

Back 35

high calcium

Front 36

which electrolyte can be found in apricots, bananas, oranges, strawberries, and tomatoes

Back 36

potassium

Front 37

which electrolyte can be found in bacon, ketchup, lunch meat, and soy sauce

Back 37

sodium

Front 38

which electrolyte can be found in cheese, milk, yogurt

Back 38

calcium

Front 39

which electrolyte can be found in spinach, green leafy vegtables

Back 39

magnesium

Front 40

which electrolyte can be found in fish, organ meats, nuts, and meats

Back 40

phosphorus

Front 41

whic electrolyte imbalance can be treated w/ Kayexelate

Back 41

hyperkalemia

Front 42

how much potassium should be given by mouth one time and can it be crushed

Back 42

20mEq/l every 30 mins, Do Not Crush

Front 43

what are the 3 objectives of iv therapy

Back 43

maintenance, replacement, restoration

Front 44

what is the focus on maintenance therapy

Back 44

water and hydration

Front 45

what type of pt. receives maintenace therapy

Back 45

NPO, and dehydrated pt.

Front 46

what electrolyte imbalance are hospitalized pt @ risk for

Back 46

low potassium, hypokalemia

Front 47

what are the 4 main uses/functions of glucose in iv therapy

Back 47

improves hepatic functions, spares body protein, supplies calores for energy, minimizes ketones

Front 48

what pt receives replacement therapy

Back 48

pt w/ losses r/t hemmorage, low platelet count, vomiting, diarrhea

Front 49

what needs to be checked before starting replacement therapy

Back 49

kidney function

Front 50

what pt receives restoration therapy

Back 50

pt w/ draining fistulas, abscesses, nasogastric tubes, burns, and abd wounds

Front 51

what are the key elements of parenteral soultions

Back 51

water, carbs (glucose), amino acids, vitamins, and electrolytes pH

Front 52

what are the functions of amino acids

Back 52

growth, repair, healing needed to make vitamins, and enzymes

Front 53

what are examples of crystalloid solutions

Back 53

dextrose- provides energy, saline- treates metabolic acidosis, dextrose + saline, lactated ringers

Front 54

what are ex of colloid soultions

Back 54

substances whose particles do not disolve, dextram, albumin, mannitol, hetastarch(hespan), blood products

Front 55

what soulution is hung w/ blood

Back 55

0.9 NS (Normal Saline)