Iv Therapy

Front 1

Extracellular Fluid

Back 1

(ECF) 20% of body weight. It has two components interstitial fluid (ISF) and intravascular fluid (plasma).

Front 2

Interstitial Fluid

Back 2

(ISF)surrounds each cell of the body.

Front 3

Intravascular Fluid

Back 3

blood plasma, the liquid component of the blood. Accounts for 5% of the body weight. This surrounds RBC's and accounts for most of the blood volume.ADULTS: about 5% of body fluid is intravascular ECF; about 15% is interstitial ECF.

Front 4

Intracellular Fluid

Back 4

The fluid inside the cells or about 55% of the total body weight.

Front 5

Moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Know as moving down the concentration gradient. Considered a form of passive transport; meaning it does not require energy, this is know as what?

Back 5

Diffusion

Front 6

Fluids, particularly water move by this? Movement of water is caused by the existence of a concentration gradient, and water flows passively across the membrane from the area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration and stops when both sides of the membrane are equal is know as what?

Back 6

Osmosis

Front 7

This solution has the same osmolarity as serum in other body fluids; because the solution does not alter serum osmolarity it stays where its infused, inside the blood vessel. A solution with osmolarity that is within the range for serum such as Lactated ringer solution and Normal Saline Solution is know as what kind of solution?

Back 7

Isotonic Solution

Front 8

This has as osmolarity lower then serum. When a patient receives this, fluid shifts out of the blood vessels and into the cells and interstitial spaces. This hydrates cells while reducing fluid in the circularity system. This solution is know as what?

Back 8

Hypotonic Solution

Front 9

This solution has an osmolarity higher then serum osmolarity. When a patient receives this; serum osmolarity initially increases, causing fluid to be pulled from the interstitial and intracellular compartments into the blood vessels. This solution is know as what?

Back 9

Hypertonic Solution

Front 10

This help maintain a constant therapeutic drug level. This is also used to provide I.V. Therapy or parenteral nutrition?

Back 10

Continuous Infusion

Front 11

Drugs are administered over a specified period at varying intervals. There by maintaining therapeutic blood levels. Primary line infusion is the most common method for this infusion?

Back 11

Intermittent Infusion

Front 12

Given through an intermittent infusion device such as a heparin lock or saline lock. This is what kind of Injection?

Back 12

Direct Injection

Front 13

Responsible by law; legally answerable.

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Liable

Front 14

Improper, illegal, or negligent professional activity or treatment, especially by a medical practitioner, lawyer, or public official.

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Malpractice

Front 15

Failure to take proper care in doing something.

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Negligence

Front 16

These are legal guidelines for care. They can be found in the nurse practice act for each state, they are established and enforced through the a state board of nursing or other government agency.

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Standards of Care

Front 17

This was developed by the American Nurses' Association (ANA) to provide guidelines for nursing performance. They are the rules or definition of what it means to provide competent care.

Back 17

Standards of Nursing Practice

Front 18

A rule of an organization or institution.

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Statutes

Front 19

These goals are to preserve and protect the patients right to safe quality care and protect the nurse who administers infusion therapy. This is known as what standards?

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INS Standards

Front 20

A written set of guidelines issued by an organization to its workers and management to help conduct their actions in accordance with its primary values and ethical standards.

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Code of Ethics

Front 21

SHORT ANSWER # 1.

What are the 5 reasons I.V. therapy is used?

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#1.) fluid volume maintenance or fluid volume replacement.

#2.) medication administration.

#3.) blood administration.

#4.) (TPN) Total Parenteral Nutrition

#5.) emergency line.

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SHORT ANSWER # 2.

What is homeostasis?

Back 22

The property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant.

Front 23

SHORT ANSWER # 3.

What are some benefits and risks of I.V. therapy?

Back 23

Benefits:

#1.) Administers fluids, drugs, nutrients, and other solutions, when a patient cant take oral substances.

#2.) Allows for more accurate dosing.

#3.) Allows medication to reach the bloodstream immediately.

Now the let's name the Risks:

#1.) Blood vessel damage.

#2.) Infiltration.

#3.) Infection.

#4.) Overdose.

#5.) Incompatibility of drugs and solutions when mixed.

#6.) Adverse or allergic reactions.

#7.) May limit patient activity.

#8.) Expensive.

Front 24

SHORT ANSWER # 4.

What are some signs and symptoms of fluid deficit?

Back 24

decreased skin turgor.

dry mucous membranes, thirst.

sudden weight loss of 2% or greater.

postural hypotension and or low Blood Pressure.

weak, rapid pulse.

neck veins flat when client is supine.

change in mental status.

elevated BUN and Hct.

decrease in urine output with increased specific gravity.

Front 25

SHORT ANSWER # 5.

What are some signs and symptoms of fluid overload?

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weight gain.

elevated blood pressure.

bounding pulse that isn't easily obliterated.

Jugular vein distention.

increased respiratory rate.

dyspnea, difficult or labored breathing.

moist crackles, rhonchi on osculation.

edema of dependent body parts.

generalized edema.

puffy eye lids.

pariorbital edema.

slow emptying of arm veins when arm is raised.

decreased hematocrit.

decreased serum electrolyte levels.

reduced serum osmolarity.

decreased B.U.N. level.

Front 26

QUICK QUIZ

What percentage of body weight is attributed to E.C.F.?

Back 26

E.C.F. makes up about 20% of body weight.

Front 27

QUICK QUIZ

What type of solution raises serum osmolarity and pulls fluid and electrolytes from the intracellular and interstitial compartments into the intravascular compartment?

Back 27

Hypertonic Solution

Front 28

What is Sodium's function and serum level range?

Back 28

Sodium is both an electrolyte and mineral. Sodium regulates the total amount of water in the body and the transmission of sodium into and out of individual cells also plays a role in critical body functions. A Normal blood sodium level is 135 - 145 milliEquivalents per liter.

Front 29

What is Potassium's function and serum level range?

Back 29

The proper level of potassium is essential for normal cell function. Among the many functions of potassium in the body are regulation of the heartbeat and the function of the muscles. The normal blood potassium level is 3.5 - 5.0 milliEquivalents per liter.

Front 30

What is Calcium's function and serum level range?

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Calcium is the most common mineral in the body and one of the most important. The body needs it to build and fix bones and teeth, help nerves work, make muscles squeeze together, help blood clot, and help the heart to work. Almost all of the calcium in the body is stored in bone. Normal values range from 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL.

Front 31

What is Chloride's function and serum level range?

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Chloride plays a role in helping the body maintain a normal balance of fluids. The normal serum range for chloride is 98 - 108 mmol/L.

Front 32

What is Phosphorus's function and serum level range?

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Phosphorus is an important element that is vital to several of your body’s physiologic processes. It helps with bone growth, energy storage, and nerve and muscle production. Many foods — especially meat and dairy products — contain phosphorus, so it’s usually easy to get enough of this mineral in your diet. A normal range is generally 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL.

Front 33

What is Magnesium's function and serum level range?

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Magnesium is required for energy production, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. It contributes to the structural development of bone and is required for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and the antioxidant glutathione. Magnesium also plays a role in the active transport of calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes, a process that is important to nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and normal heart rhythm. Normal serum magnesium concentrations range between 0.75 and 0.95 millimoles per Liter.

Front 34

A fluid movement process that requires no energy.

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Diffusion

Front 35

Movement of solutes from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. They are said to move against the concentration gradient.

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Active Transport

Front 36

Movement of fluid and solutes out through the capillary pores and into the interstitial fluid. Caused by Hydrostatic pressure (or fluid) pressure and blood pressure against the walls of the capillaries.

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Capillary Filtration

Front 37

The return of water and diffusible solutes to the capillaries that occurs when capillary blood pressure falls below colloid oncotic pressure.

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Capillary Reabsorption

Front 38

List 2 examples of Isotonic solution and where the fluid goes?

Back 38

Examples of isotonic solutions are 0.9% sodium chloride, commonly called normal saline (NS), and lactated Ringer’s (LR). This type of solution is infused to replace fluid losses, usually extracellular losses, and to expand the intravascular volume.

Front 39

List 2 examples of Hypotonic Solution and where the fluid goes?

Back 39

An example of a hypotonic solution is 0.45% sodium chloride (0.45% NS), commonly called half normal saline. They are commonly infused to dilute extracellular fluid and rehydrate the cells of patients who have hypertonic fluid imbalances and to treat gastric fluid loss and dehydration from excessive diuresis.

Front 40

List 2 examples of Hypertonic Solution and where the fluid goes?

Back 40

Examples of hypertonic solutions are dextrose 10% in water (D10W) and dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride (D5NS). Hypertonic solutions are infused to treat patients who have severe hyponatremia. Depending on the type of hypertonic fluid infused, it can provide patients with calories, free water, and some electrolytes.

Front 41

What four things do you put on the label when changing a dressing?

Back 41

Label dressing with time, date of dressing change and insertion, and initials.

Front 42

What information goes on the I.V. bag label?

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Solution, date, time, rate.

Front 43

What are the 3 functions of fluids?

Back 43

Fluids are infused to maintain fluid balance, replace fluid losses, and treat electrolyte imbalances.

Front 44

Can you speed up the drying process of skin antiseptics by blowing on or fanning the area?

Back 44

NO, do not fan or blow on the skin to expedite the drying as this can reintroduce microbes to the area. When using agents in combination, allow alcohol to dry before applying povidone-iodine because alcohol negates the povidone-iodine’s antimicrobial effect.