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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the response to stimulation of the kappa receptor?
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Sedation, diuresis, low abuse potential
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What hormones/neurotransmitters does surgical stress cause the release of?
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Catecolamines, Glucagon, Cortisol, GH & ADH
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What are the physiological effects of stress hormones released due to surgical stress?
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Increased CV stress, hyperglycemia, Decreased RBF, Decreased urine output
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Which patients exhibit exagerated responses to surgical stress?
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Neonates, elderly, advanced CV disease, malnourished, trauma, renal failure, hypovolemia
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Are opioids highly lipid soluble?
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All except morphine
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Are opioids highly protein bound?
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Most
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How are opioids metabolized?
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Hepatic metabolism, renal elimination, except remifentanil
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What are the CV effects of opioids?
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Minimal, inotropy preserved, enhanced vagal tone (mu2 = brady)
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What are the respiratory effects of opioids?
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Respiratory depression (Mu2 and delta), decreased RR, CO2 response curve shifted right
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What are the muscular effects of opioids?
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Mu agonism w/ large doses leads to chest wall ridgidity, difficult ventilation. Decreased with pre-treatment with neuromuscular blockade
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