Iupui Art History 101 Midterm

Front 1

What Period? What Date?

Woman from Willendorf, limestone

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Paleolithic Art,
24,000 BCE

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What Period? What Date?

Spotted Horses and Human Hands, Pech-Merle Cave,

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Paleolithic Art
Horses c. 25,000-24,000 BCE, hands c. 15,000 BCE.

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What Period? What Date?
Stonehenge, England

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Neolithic Cultures
2900-1500 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
The Uruk Vase

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Art of the Ancient Near East
3300-3000 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Stele of Hammurabi, Susa

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Art of the Ancient Near East
1792-1750 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Great Pyramids (Pyramids of Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu), Giza

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Old Kingdom Egypt
2575-2450 BCE

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What Period? What Date?

Palette of Narmer

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Old Kingdom Egypt
2950 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Diorite statue of King Khafre

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Old Kingdom Egypt
2520 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Funerary Temple. of Hatshepsut

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New Kingdom Egypt
1473-1458 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Akhenaten and His Family

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New Kingdom Egypt
1353-1336 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Funerary Krater from the Dipylon Cemetery

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Geometric Period
750-700 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Kouros

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Archaic Period
600 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Anavysos Kouros

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Archaic Period
530 BCE

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What Period? What Date?
Exekias, Amphora with Achilles and Ajax Playing a

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Archaic Period
540-530 BCE

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What Period? What Date?

Death of Sarpedon

(Euphronios (painter) and Euxitheos (potter))

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Archaic Period
515 BCE

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What period? What Years?
Riace Warrior A, bronze

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Greek Classical. High Classical,
460 BCE

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What period? What Years?
The Parthenon

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Greek Classical. High Classical,
447-432 BCE

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What period? What Years?
Aphrodite of Knidos

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Greek Classical. Late Classical,
350 BCE

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What period? What Years?
Aphrodite of Melos

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Hellenistic
150-100 BCE

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What period? What Years?
Laocoön and his Sons

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Hellenistic
1st century

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What period? What Years?
Tomb of the Triclinium, Tarquinia

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Etruscan Art
480-470 BCE

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What period? What Years?
Sarcophagus from Cerveteri

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Etruscan Art
520 BCE

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What period? What Years?
Pont du Gard, Nimes, France

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Roman Republic,
Late 1st century BCE

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What period? What Years?
Portrait of Augustus of Prima Porta

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Roman Republic,
20 BCE

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What period? What Years?
The Pantheon

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The High and Late Roman Empire
118-128 CE

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What Period? What Dates?
Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

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Art of the Roman Republic
176 CE

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What Period? What Dates?
Arch of Constantine

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late Roman Empire
312-315 CE

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Paleolithic Period... What are the years?

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40,000 - 10,000 BCE

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Abstraction

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Any art that does not represent observable aspects of nature or transforms visable forms into a stylized image. Also the formal qualities of this process

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sculpture in the round

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refers to free-standing sculpture that is meant to be viewed on all sides, and is surrounded entirely by space.

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Naturalism

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A style of depiction that seeks to imitate the appearance of nature. A naturalistic work appears to record the visible world.

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relief sculpture

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A 3D image or design whose flat background is carved away to a certain depth, setting off the figure. Called a high or low (bas) relief depending upon the extent of the projection of the image from the background. Called sunken relief when the image is carved below the original surface of the background, which is not cut away.

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Form

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Form is an element of art. At its most basic, a form is a three-dimensional geometrical figure (i.e.: sphere, cube, cylinder, cone, etc.), as opposed to a shape, which is two-dimensional, or flat.

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Neolithic Period, What are the dates?

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9,000 ~ 5,000 BCE.
beginning with the rise of farming, ending with the use of metal tools

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Sumer

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The Tigris-Euphrates river valley, sometimes referred to as the Fertile Crescent or Mesopotamia ("Land Between the Rivers").

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Akkadians

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The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad

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Assyrians

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The earliest Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture in Iraq.

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Persians

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Persian art and architecture works of art and structures produced in the region of Asia traditionally known as Persia and now called Iran.

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Cuneiform

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An early form of writing with wedge-shaped marks impressed into wet clay with a stylus, primarily used by ancient Mesopotamians.

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Lapis lazuli

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Blue Stone glossy

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Registers

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The placement of self-contained bands of reliefs in a vertical arrangement

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Hierarchy of scale

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The use of different sizes for significant or holy figures and those of the everyday world to indicate importance. The larger the figure the greater the importance

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Inlay

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To set (pieces of wood or ivory, for example) into a surface, usually at the same level, to form a design. Also, Material used in or decoration formed by this technique.

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Mastaba

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A flat-topped, one story structure with slanted walls over an ancient Egyptian underground tomb.

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Hieroglyphs

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Is a system of writing used by the Ancient Egyptians, using a combination of logographic, syllabic, and alphabetic elements. Ancient Egyptian written language translated through use of the Rosetta Stone.

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Stepped pyramid

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Many layers of stones that would produce a stepped look

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True pyramid

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Like the great pyramids

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Ka

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means "soul". This is a name for a part of a soul in Egyptian religion

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Nemes headdress

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The Nemes was the striped head cloth worn by pharaohs in ancient Egypt. It covered the whole crown and back of the head and nape of the neck and had two large flaps which hung down behind the ears and in front of both shoulders.

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Uraeus

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A symbol of kingship in Egypt represented by a cobra in an upright position worn as a head ornament or crown. The symbol protected the king and was an agent of his destructive powers, spitting fire and associated with the goddess Wadjit.

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Faience

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A type of ceramic covered with colorful, opaque glazes that form a smooth, impermeable surface. First developed in ancient Egypt.

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Sarcophagus

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A stone coffin. Often rectangular and decorated with relief sculpture.

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Hypostyle

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In architecture, a hypostyle hall has a flat ceiling which is supported by columns, as in the Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak.

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Pylon

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A massive gateway formed by a pair of tapering walls of oblong shape. Erected by ancient Egyptians to mark the entrance to a temple complex.

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Peristyle

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A surrounding colonnade in Greek architecture. A Peristyle building is surrounded on the exterior by a colonnade.

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Aten

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The disk of the sun in ancient Egypt. God

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Sunken relief

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is a sculptured artwork where a carved or modeled form is lowered.

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Herakles

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Was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus

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Kouros, Kore

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Respectively male/female sculptures common in Greece. Male was nude and often in a stance with a rigid upper body and staggered feet. Female was clothed and standing straight up. Marble

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Krater

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A krater was a large vase used to mix wine and water in Ancient Greece

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Amphora

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An amphora is a type of ceramic vase with two handles and a long neck narrower than the body.

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Cella

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is the inner chamber of a temple in classical architecture, or a shop facing the street in domestic Roman architecture.

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Colonnade

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a colonnade denotes a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building

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Peristyle

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is a columned porch or open colonnade in a building surrounding a court that may contain an internal garden.

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stylobate

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is the top step of the crepidoma, the stepped platform on which colonnades of temple columns are placed (it is the floor of the temple).

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column

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is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.

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capital

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Forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster.

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architrave

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is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns.

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entablature

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refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals.

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pediment

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is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure (entablature), typically supported by columns.

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frieze

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the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic or Corinthian order

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triglyph

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is an architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze, so called because of the angular channels in them, two perfect and one divided, the two chamfered angles or hemiglyphs being reckoned as one.

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metope

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is a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in aDoric frieze

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volute

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A volute is a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order

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caryatid

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is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

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Black figure

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Black-figure pottery painting, also known as the black-figure style or black-figure ceramic is one of the foremost techniques and styles for adorning antique Greek vases

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Red figure

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Red-figure vase painting is one of the most important styles of figural Greek vase painting. It developed in Athens around 530 BC and remained in use until the late 3rd century BC. It replaced the previously dominant style of Black-figure vase painting within a few decades.

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White ground

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The method consists of a white slip of the local calcareous clay applied to a terracotta vessel and then painted.

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Contrapposto

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used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.

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Acropolis

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means "highest city" in Greek, literally city on the extremity and is usually translated into English as Citadel

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Elgin Marbles, what are they from?

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a collection of classical Greek marble sculptures, inscriptions and architectural members that originally were part of the Parthenon and other buildings on the Acropolis of Athens

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Mosaic

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is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It may be a technique of decorative art, an aspect of interior decoration, or of cultural and spiritual significance as in a cathedral

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Terra cotta

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is a clay-based unglazed ceramic, although the term can also be applied to glazed ceramics where the fired body is porous and red in color

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portraiture

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is the recording of an individual’s appearance and personality, whether in a photograph, a painting or sculpture, or other medium

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Concrete

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Forming rock mixture created in roman times.

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Naturalism

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refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting.

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Verism

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was often used by the Romans in marble sculptures of heads. warts and all

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Patrician

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originally referred to a group of elite families in ancient Rome, including both their natural and adopted members

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Atmospheric perspective

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a technique of rendering depth or distance in painting by modifyingthe tone or hue and distinctness of objects perceived as recedingfrom the picture plane, esp. by reducing distinctive local colors andcontrasts of light and dark to a uniform light bluish-gray color.

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Linear Perspective

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in the graphic arts, such as drawing, is an approximate representation, on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye.

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fresco

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is any of several related mural painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings.

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Nave

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The central space of a basilica, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles.

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Tetrarchy

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A group of four roman leaders.