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175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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When parking your ambulance what direction should you have it facing?
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Away From the scene
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PG 5
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In crash/ Rescue scenes you should never enter the scene without ________ and a _______.
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Partner and a safety line
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PG 5
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How many ambulances are needed per ALS patient?
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1 Ambulance should be devoted to an ALS patient
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PG 5
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Patients involved in high energy collisions may not present immediate signs of injury but ______ percent will display them on repeat exams.
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5-15%
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PG7
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______ injuries are by and large responsible for the majority of mortality in trauma.
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Mechanical
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PG7
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The _______ is a vehicles most lethal weapon.
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Steering Wheel
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PG 11
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What organs are susceptible to shearing injuries due to their ligamentous attachement?
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The Aortic arch, liver, spleen kidneys and bowels
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PG 11-12
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Compression injuries are common with the ?
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Lungs, heart, Diaphram and urinary bladder
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PG 12
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The most common type of injury in a rear end collision is damage to the ______.
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Cervical Spine due to poor placement o the head rest. There is also possible damage to the lumbar if the seat back is broken.
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PG 13
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Occupants ejected from cars are ____ times more likely to be killed.
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25
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PG 14
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Airbags protect against how many impacts?
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1, because they deflate immediately.
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PG 16
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Airbags do not protect against _______ type of impacts.
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Down and under. So you still must suspect pelvis and femur injuries
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PG 16
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US national safety council reports that _____ of all farm accident fatalities involve tractors.
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1/3
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PG 17
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_____ tractor overturns are most likely to trap and crush the driver.
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Rear
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PG 17
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The center of gravity for a 2 wheel drive tractor is ______.
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About 10 inches above and 24 inches infront of the rear axle.
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PG 17
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The center of gravity for a 4 wheel drive tractor is at about the.
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midline of the vehicle
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PG 18
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Helmets prevent head injury which attributes to ____% of motorcycle deaths.
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75%
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PG 18
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The death rate on Personal Water Craft are about ____ time higher than on boats?
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3
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PG 19
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Most injuries on PWC are due to ________.
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Collision with docks, stumps or other vehicles.
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PG 19
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In a ped vs vehicles accident a adult usually suffers.
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Injuries to the leg or knee and secondary injuries to as they go over the car.
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PG 19
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In a ped vs vehicles accident a Child usually suffers.
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Pelvis and torso injuries followed by secondary head injury when they go under the vehicle
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PG 19
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The primary groups involved in vertical falls are _________-.
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adults and children under the age of 5 years
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PG 20
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When a stab wound is below the ____ intercostal space be aware of possible abdomen wounds.
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4th
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PG 20
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The largest factor in damage of a bullet is the rounds ______.
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Velocity
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PG 20
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Weapons with velocities under 2,000 feet a second are considered.
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Low Velocity
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PG 21
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More civillians are killed by high velocity weapons. T OR F
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False Low velocity weapons are much more common resulting in more deaths.
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PG 21
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In shotguns, pellet velocity halves at about ____ yards.
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40
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PG 22
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Blast victims are vulnerable to hollow organ injuries. You should always suspect damage to the ______ in blast victims.
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Lungs
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PG 23
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Weaponized Blast injuries sometimes have 4 types of injuries what are they?
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Primary- AIr blast
Secondary - Shrapnel Tertiary - Body impact into surface Quatenary - Chemical, biological, radiological dispersals |
PG 22
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Fragments of shrapnel can attain velocities of more than ______ feet per second. Thus any shrapnel wound should be treated as serious injury.
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14,000Ft per second
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PG 23
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What are the 3 situations in which you can interrupt your patient assessment?
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- Scene unsafe
- Airway obstruction - Cardiac Arrest |
PG 29
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The goal for a serious trauma patient is to be on scene for no more than ___ minutes.
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5 minutes
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PG 29
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The only proven way to increase survivability in trauma is to ________.
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Decrease the time to definitive care.
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PG 29
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The initial assessment and rapid trauma assessment should take less than ____ minutes.
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2 minutes
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PG 31
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If the head or neck is held at an angulated position and the patient complains of pain on any attempt to straiten it you should?
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Stabalize in the positions found
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PG 31
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Inadequate breathing is an adult is shallow or less than ___ breathes a minute
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8
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PG 32-33
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In order to maintain proper ventilation PC02 should be at
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35-40
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PG 32
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Proper breathing rate for an adult is 1 breathe every ______ seconds
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6-8
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PG 32
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If pulses are absent at the neck you should?
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Immediately start CPR
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PG 33
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A rate of pulse that indicate emergency is < ___ or > ____
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Less than 60 or greater than 120
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PG 33
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If a dressing soaks through with blood you should?
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Remove the dressing and redress it once to be sure direct pressure is being placed on the bleeding area.
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PG 33
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Air is what percent oxygen?
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21%
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PG 60
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The epiglotis is attached to the ______.
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Hyoid
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PG 60
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The point at which the trachea divides is called the_______
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Carina
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PG 62
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It is important to know that the ________ bronchi angulates more inline with the trachea.
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Right
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PG 62
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On average it is ___ CM from the teeth to the vocal chords.
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15
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PG 62
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On average it is ___ CM from the teeth to the Sternal notch.
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20
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PG 62
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On average it is ___ CM from the teeth to the Carina.
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25
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PG 63
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________ can be administered during intubation to reduce the ICP increase associated with intubation.
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Lidocaine
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PG 64
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It is important to remember that suctions and intubation can stimulate the human bodies defensive reflexes in the following ways.
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Cardiovascular stimulation
Increased ICP Gagging and vomiting |
PG 65
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Noisy breathing is _______-
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Obstructed Breathing
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PG 66
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Consider combative patience 02 status to be ________ until systematic and rapid evaluation rules it out.
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Hypoxic
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PG 66
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You should use _______ and _____ in all intubated patieunce to evaluate 02.
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Waveform Capnography and pulse ox
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PG 66
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The minimum diameter tubing for a mobile suction is _____.
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.8-1 cm
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PG 67
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of a portable suction device.
1.) It is carried in an airway kit 2.)It must be hand powered 3.) It can generate sufficent volume to displace blood from the oropharynx 4.) Tubing with a diameter of at least .8-1cm. |
2.) A portable suction can be either hand powered or battery powered. If it is batter powered you should carry a hand powered as a backup.
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PG 66-67
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A __mm ET tube can be used with a connector as a suction tip.
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6MM
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PG 67
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If an NPA is not available what can you use as a substitute
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6-6.6 mm ET tube cut to serve as an NPA
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Pg 67
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Mild Hemorrhage after insertion of the NPA is sign that the NPA should be removed immediately. T or F
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False. If you remove an NPA you will likely disrupt the clot forming around it.
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PG 68
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Patients who easily tolerate OPA's should be considered candidates for a ____.
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ETT
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PG 68
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BIAD's should only be used.
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If a ET intubation has failed
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PG 68
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Idealy a patients MMAP Measurement would indicate ___ fingers from chin to hyoid ____ fingers between the upper and lower incisors and the lower jaw be ____ CM above the upper jaw.
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3-3-1
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PG 69
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The A in MMAP stands for _______ and refers to ________
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Atlanto occipital junction. The patients ability to move the neck forward into sniffing position (NO CSPINE)
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PG 69
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The P in MMAP stands for __________ and refers to _______
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Pathology (Swelling, edema or other upper airway obstruction.)
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PG 69
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True or False, Upper airway obstruction is a relative contraindication to RSI
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True
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PG 69
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A TLJV is placed in the __________ and allows for ventilation when a patient airway is occluded above the vocal chords.
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cricothyroid membrane
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PG 70
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A simple face mask should run at _____ LPM and provide _____% oxygen
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10-12 L and 40-50% oxygen
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PG 70
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Non Rebreathe masks should run at _____ LPM and provide ____% oxygen.
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12-15 LPM and 60-90% oxygen
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PG70
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A Nasal cannula will provide what % oxygent to a patient
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30%
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PG70
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A BVM masks should run at _____ LPM and provide ____% oxygen.
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12-15LPM at 90 to 100%
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PG 70
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At rest the average person intake _____ ML of air
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400-600ML
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PG 70
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C02 levels above 40 mmHG indicate _____.
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Hypoventilation
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PG 71
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C02 levels below 35 mmHG indicate _____.
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Hyperventilation
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PG 71
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Pressures greater than ____ H20 will open the esophagus and lead to air in the stomach
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25cm
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PG 71
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A FROPVD should have an oxygen flow rate of ____ LPM and a maximum pressure of 50+-50 cm of H20
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40
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PG73
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The average ML delivered by a BVM is?
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800ML
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PG 73
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The largest problem with BVM usage is?
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Mask leaks
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PG 73
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Adequate mask seal is hard to get when people are BOOTS. This means?
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Bearded, Obese, Old, Toothless and snoring/stridor
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PG 74
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If you cannot gain compliance in BVMing a patient the first sstep should be to ________ the patient.
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Reposition and consider use of an OPA NPA
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PG 74
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If repositioning a patient during BVM doesn't grant compliance you should?
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Initiate two person BVM with jaw thrust manuever
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PG 74
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A patient with <90 Sa02 is considered ______.
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Critical
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PG 80
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An Ideal pulse ox range is ?
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95>
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PG 80
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When a patient has a clenched jaw or you cannot ventilate him through other means RSI or ______ is apppriate.
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Nasal Tracheal intubation
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PG87
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When you are doing a NTI you should always prep how many tubes?
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2
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PG 87
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The gold standard for confirming tube placement is ______.
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Capnography
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PG 88
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Colormetric C02 are not accurate in cases of ______ and _____ when low amounts of C02 is returning to the lung.
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Shock or Cardiac Arrest
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PG 90
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When reading capnography ___ breaths should be taken to gain an accurate reading.
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6
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PG 91
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When gaining capnography you should turn the machine on ______ before intubation to allow it to warm up.
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10-30 seconds
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PG 92
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What shape does wave form capnography take when placed in the Trachea?
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Square
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PG 92
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If during capnography you lose a wave form completely what has happened?
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Apnea or Tube dislodged
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PG 93
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Flexion of a patients head can move the ET tube placement by as much as ____.
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2-3 CM
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PG 93
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How many ribs are in the thoax
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12
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Pg 95
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The intercostal neuroascular bundle runs along the _____ of each rib.
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Inferior surface
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Pg 95
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The lung cavity can hold ___L of fluid in each side.
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3
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Pg 95
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Any patient who has a penetrating trauma below the ____ should also be assumed to have abdominal injuries.
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4th intercostal space / nipple line
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Pg 96
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Normal inhalatory pressure is __________ and is generated by doaphragmatic contractions.
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Negative
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Pg 98
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In order to form a sucking chest wound. The hole in the wound must be larger than the _______.
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Trachea entrance / About the size of the patients pinky.
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Pg 98
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Flail chest occurs when ____ or more adjacent ribs fracture in _____ places.
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3 or more in 2 places
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Pg 99
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_____ and positive pressure ventilation is the best way to stabilize a flail chest patient.
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Intubation
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Pg 103
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The trachea shifts toward the location of a tension pneumothorax T or F
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False it shifts away.
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Pg 104
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Tracheal deviation is a _____ sign of tension pneumothorax
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Late
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Pg 104
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In order to preform a chest decompression your patient must display 2 of the following signs of decompensation.
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1- Respiratory distress and cyanosis
2- Loss of the radial pulse 3- Decrease level of consciousness |
Pg 104
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A massive hemo thorax occurs when at least ______ ml of blood enters a thoracic cavity.
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1500
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Pg104
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A patient with a hemothorax will generally have ______ neck veins.
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Flat. IE no JVD
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Pg 105
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In a patient with shock signs you should titrate their BP to _____.
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90-100 systolic
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Pg 105
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Beck's triad consists of ____ and is used to identify Cardiac Tomponade.
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Muffle heart sounds
Hypotension Distended neck veins |
Pg 106
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What are peridoxical pulses? And what are they a sign of?
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When a patient has an absent pulse during inhalation. Cardiac Tomponade
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Pg 106
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A _______ is the most common cause of immediate death in MVC's.
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Traumatic aortic rupture
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Pg 107
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_____% of people with traumatic aortic tears die immediately.
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90
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Pg 107
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Infrequently, a patient with ______ may present with upper extremity hypertension and diminished pulses on the lower extremity.
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Thoracic aortic laceration
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Pg 108
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A patient with a tracheal tear must be treated by placing the ET tube _____.
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Beyond the site of the tear
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Pg 108
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________ is a potentially lethal lesion resulting from blunt chest trauma.
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Myocardial contusion
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Pg 108
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Diaphragmatic tears occur more on the _____ side of the body.
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Left side. The right side is protected by the liver.
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Pg 109
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Auscultation of bowel sounds are a sign of obvious
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Diaphragmatic tears
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Pg 109
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Patients with sternal fractures should be presumed to have a ______.
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Myocardial contusion
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Pg 110
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Decompression is done at either the _____ or _____ intercostal space.
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2nd or 3rd
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Pg 115
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The minimum catheter length for decompression is _____.
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5cm
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Pg 116
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After decompression you should secure the catheter and cover it with a _______.
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Asherman Seal or occlusive dressing
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Pg 117
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Blood pressure = ______ x ________
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Cardiac output x periphreal vascular resistance.
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Pg 119
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Early shock occurs with the loss of _____ percent of blood.
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15 to 25
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Pg 122
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Late shock occurs with the loss ____ percent of blood
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30-40%
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Pg 122
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Radial pulses appear at about ____ systolic pressure
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80
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Pg 122
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Femoral pulses appear at about ____ systolic pressure
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70
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Pg 122
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Caraotid pulses appear at about ____ systolic pressure
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60
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Pg 122
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Cap refill should take no longer than ___ seconds
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2
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Pg 122
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Patients with _____ shock are identified by cool, pale, tachycardic and have flat neck veins.
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Hypovolemic shock
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Pg 124
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In the normal adult resting state the heart pumps ___ L of blood a minute.
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5 L
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Pg 125
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Indication for cannulation of a external jugular vein is when?
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A pediatric or adult patient who doesn't have peripheral venous access.
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Pg 137
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Inorder to preform an IO your needle should be ______ gauge
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16- 18
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Pg 138
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When using length based resusitation tape you should measure from the patients _____ to _____.
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Crown of the head to the heel of the foot.
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Pg 140
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_____ percent of multi system trauma patients have CNS trauma.
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40%
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Pg 142
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Spinal fluid is continually created by the brain at ____ ML a minute
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.33 ML a minute
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Pg 144
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T or F
An increase in cerebral water occurs very rapidly. |
False It takes hours for cerebral edema to develop
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Pg 145
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An increase in the level of C02 will ______ ICP
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increase
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Pg 145
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A decrease in the level of C02 in will _____ ICP
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Decrease
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Pg 145
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T or F
Hyperventilation of a patient with ICP is recommended. |
False, Hyperventilation does not decrease swelling in the brain and can lead to ischemia.
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Pg 145
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CPP = ______ - _______
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CPP= MAP - ICP
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Pg 145
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ICP is considered dangerous when it is around ____ and can cause cerebral herniation around ______.
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15mmHg , 25 mmHG
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Pg 145
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Cushings response is indicated by ?
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An increase in BP and ICP and a drop in Pulse
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Pg 145
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In order to maintain profusion of the brain CPP needs to be at least ___, This required a systolic blood pressure of _______.
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60 mmHG
110 to 120 mmHG |
Page 146
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|
|
T or F
During cerebral vascular herniation the eye on the effected side dilates and sags. |
True. The eyes on the effected side react, while the musculature on the opposite side react.
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Page 146
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The _______ is the only situation in which hyperventilation is still indicated.
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Cerebral herniation
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Pg 146
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Bilateral dilated and fixed pupils usually are a sign of _______ injury and result in a 91% mortality rate.
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Brain Stem
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Pg 146
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If a patient shows signs of cerebral herniation and hyperventilation resolves the signs you should ?
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Discontinue hyperventilation
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Pg 147
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Retrograde amnesia indicates a loss of memory _______.
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Before the time of an injury
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Pg 148
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A _______ can result in stroke signs as-well as possible agitated personality changes.
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Cerebral Contusion.
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Pg 148
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If the brain is without oxygen for ________ minutes irreversible damage will be done.
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4 to 6 minutes
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Pg 148
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When a patient draws his limbs inward toward his body this is called _______ posturing
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Decorticate
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Pg 153
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In a head trauma patient you want to ckeep C02 reading at _____.
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Between 35 and 40 mmHG
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Pg 156
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|
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The spinal column is composed of ____ vertebrae.
|
33
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Pg 161
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A distraction injury might be described as?
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Excessive stretching of column and cord. Hanging, child inappropriately placed in car seats.
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Pg 165
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Classically a patient in ________ shock will have hypotension, normal skin signs, skin temperature, and a slow heart rate.
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Neurological shock.
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PG 166
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|
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A patient should not be log rolled if they have a ______.
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Unstable pelvic fracture. Optionally you can use a scoop stretcher.
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PG 172
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In water emergencies it is appropriate to facilitate rescue how?
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keep the patient in inline stabilization while in the water and float the backboard underneath him.
|
Pg 175
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Injury to the _____ and _____ is most common in blunt abdominal trauma.
|
Spleen and Liver
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Pg 204-205
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Blunt abdominal trauma is the most common type of trauma and has a mortality rate of ____ to ______ percent.
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10 to 30 %
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Pg 205
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Patients with multiple _______ are notorious for having severe intra-abdominal injuries without significant pain.
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Lower Rib Fractures
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Pg 205
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A gun shot victim has a mortality rate of between ___ and ___ percent.
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5 and 15
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Pg 206
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|
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A stabbing victim has a mortality rate between _____ and ____ percent
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1 and 2
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Pg 206
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|
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Spleenic injuries can refer pain to the _______.
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Left Posterior shoulder
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Pg 207
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|
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Liver injuries can refer pain to the _________.
|
Right posterior shoulder
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Pg 207
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|
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If the intestines are allowed to _____ they may become irreversibly damaged.
|
Dry
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Pg 208
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|
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Fractures are very painful thus the use of _______ based on county protocol is suggested.
|
Analgesics
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Pg 212
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|
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A closed femure fracture can cause the loss of ____ of blood.
|
1Liter
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Pg 213
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|
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A pelvic fracture can lose ____CC's of blood.
|
500 CC's
|
Pg 213
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|
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Although Joint dislocation is not a life threatening emergency it is still a medical emergency because the possibility of?
|
Neuromuscular compromise.
|
Pg 213
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In the few instances in which you would traction and extremity to straighten it, use no more than ____ lbs of force.
|
10 Lbs
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Page 214
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|
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The best way of transporting a amputated body part is ?
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In a bag surrounded by ice and water.
|
Pg 214
|
|
|
T or F
Impaled objects in the neck and cheeks can be removed |
True
|
Pg 215
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|
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A pregnant women can lose ____ blood before she shows signs of shock
|
1500 ML
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PG 291
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|
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Hep A and E are trasnmitted through ____.
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Fecal Matter
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Pg 317
|
|
|
Hep D is transmitted though
|
Blood and body fluid
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Pg 317
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|
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Hep ___ is transmitted also through blood contact but has vaccine.
|
Hep B
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Pg 317
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|
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The passing of the needle stick safety and prevention act of 200 has reduced the number of needle sticks by____.
|
Half since 2003
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Pg 317
|
|
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On the global level _____ is the deadliest infectious disease with 8 million new infections annually and 3 million deaths.
|
TB
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Pg 321
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__________ is the most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in a traumatic pateinet
|
Hypoxemia
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Pg 308
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