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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A _______ is used to perform tasks related to packages
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Package manager
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Package managers are usually split into two categories:
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Simple package managers
Front-ends |
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Package manager used in CentOS, Novell Netware, IBM AIX, others:
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rpm
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Developed for Debian Linux
Circa 1993 Comparable to RPM Used by many Linux distributions Used by fink on OS X: |
dpkg
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yum is de facto standard
Yellowdog Updater, Modified Developed at Duke up2date is used by Red Hat for paying customers |
rpm front-ends
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front-end mangers used with
Debian: CentOS: |
aptitude
yum |
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_____ packages update automatically.
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yum
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Linux kernel only calls one process:
handles loading processes and services |
init
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Majority of Linux systems use an init based on:
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System V
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System V is based on a concept of:
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run levels
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Run levels usually numbered:
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0-6
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0-
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- |
0 – Halt the system
1 – Single user 2 – Multi-user (without NFS) 3 – Multi-user 4 – unused 5 – Multi-user, graphical mode 6 – reboot |
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System may only be in ____ runlevel at a time
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one
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______ OS runlevels
2-5 are multi-user S - system initialization |
Debian
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______ OS runlevels
2 - multi-user sans NFS (no networking) 3 - full multi-user 5 - X11 |
CentOS
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Which file contains:
Contains scripts to start and stop services Service scripts have minimum of three options: start, stop, restart Others options may be supported status, reload |
/etc/init.d/
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Most services are:
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daemons
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Daemons are programs that always:
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run in the background
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netstat will check for:
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open ports
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netstat command will display routing table:
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netstat -r
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etstat command will display open ports:
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netstat -atunp
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netstat -a:
netstat -t: netstat -u: netstat -n: netstat -p: |
netstat -a: show listening and non-listening sockets
netstat -t: TCP netstat -u: UDP netstat -n: do not resolve host or port names netstat -p: show process names and IDs (root only) |
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______ is the current firewall in Linux
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iptables
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_____ is the quintessential tool to view the process list
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ps
f - show process hierarchy (forrest) a - show processes belonging to all users u - display user-oriented format x - include processes without a TTY TTY == teletype == interactive process w - wide output (twice is unlimited output) |
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______ displays open files and internet sockets
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lsof
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____ daemon that runs jobs at set intervals
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cron
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______ daemon that runs a jobs at specified times
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at
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_____ jobs repeat
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cron
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____ jobs only run once
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at
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_____ allows searching of man pages
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apropos
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permissions
read: write: execute: |
4
2 1 |
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____ is a command that allows a normal user to perform actions as root or another user
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sudo
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Security-Enhanced Linux adds access-control mechanisms to the Linux kernel, it is also called
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selinux
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____ are dumb devices that simply act as a repeater
Are bad because: |
Hubs
because info is displayed so anybody can see it. |
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ICMP -
TCP - UDP - |
Internet Control Message Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol |
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IMCP does not carry data, it carries:
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network status
used for error notification, host availibilty (ping), and neywork congestion notification |
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With hubs, attached devices must implement _____.
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CSMA/CA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance |
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With hubs collisions still occur. When they do what happens?
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All devices stop transmitting and perform a random backoff.
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Switches use a _____ table to map MAC addresses to attached devices.
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Content Addressable Memory
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MAC to port mapping allows the switch to only transmit a packet the ______.
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destination port
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MAC addresses are a_____________.
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unique 48-bit number assigned to a network card
6 octets |
