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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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artificial intelligence
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a field of computer science devoted to making computers percieve, reason, interpret and respond to new situations without direct instructions
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aggregator
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webpage/software that pulls info from rss feeds - tracks what's been read - allows you to add remove feeds
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broadband
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the connection to the isp - high bandwidth - always on - uses broadband modem
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lossy compression
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an irreversible form of compression when encoding data that results in a loss of quality in exchange for smaller file size - eg jpeg, mp3
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lossless compression
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a reversible form of compression where there is no loss of quality. The initial file can be recreated from the compressed one
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DBMS
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Database Management System
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Database Management System
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a program that manages and processes the data inputted on to the databases furthermore it maniplulates the data so that it can be interrogated during searches
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a Database Management System provides.......
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-data independence
-access controls -security (encryption) -reports |
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MIDI
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an interface that allows a user, a computer and an instrument to interact
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cell reference
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the address of a cell eg b3
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cell range
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a series of concurrent cells in a spreadsheet that are described by the putting the top left and the bottom right cell references separated by a colon e.g. B10:C22 would be the cell range that covered all of the cells from b10 to c22 inclusive
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relative reference
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a cell reference in a formula which when the formula is copied to a different cell, changes the formula to include a reference to a different cell which has the same spacial relationship to the formula as the original. eg copying formula a1*3 from d1 to d2 would change the formula to a2*3 automatically
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absolute reference
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a cell reference in a formula which when the formula is copied to a different cell, still points to the original cell reference - usually marked by $ signs. e.g. eg copying formula $a$1*3 from d1 to d2 would result in the formula in both being $a$1*3
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formula
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a step by step process for calculating a number on a spreadsheet typed in by the user - it automatically updates itself if the contents of the cells it refers to changes
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function
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a predefined calculation that is inbuilt into spreadsheet software such as sum or average
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relational database
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a database that uses a series of tables to hold data about each entitiy
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entity
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an object, thing or person about which data is held in a database
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a query
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a database object that is used to interrogate the data - ie get information out of the data
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a form
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an interface part of the database that is used both for input of data and output of information to the user - can be used to enter data into a table or display the results of a sort or search (query!)
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gui in a database
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graphical user interface - the buttons, boxes and user friendly menus that are used to help the users navigate the database forms
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a search/ query
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selects records that meet the criteria set in one or more fields
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report
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a printed output from a database that usually displays the results of a query
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object oriented graphics
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the storage of pictures as collections of lines, sapes, and other objects that can be manipulated as a whole, rather than just a selection of pixels - used in animation, films, modelling for architects and engineers and computer games
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vector graphics
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graphics produced by storing the instruction of how to create the image (a line x cm long, a curve x cm long with a radius of 3 cm etc) - scalebale without distortion, and smaller size, but can't do images like photos
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bitmapped graphics
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a "map" of which pixel is which colour is stored either one by one (eg bmp) or in some compressed format (eg jpg)
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pixel
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a "picture element" or dot on a computer screen or printout of which all output is composed
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codec
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"coder-decoder" - a piece of software usually used for audio or video files to encode or decode a file in a given format - their are lots of different proprietary formats and each needs its own codec before you can play it
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protocol
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a set of rules for the exchange of data between two computers. Common ones used on the internet include tcp/ip and http
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platform
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the combination of hardware and operating system software upon which applications software is built
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platform independent
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the ability of a peripheral device to work on more than one platform eg USB can be used with both Windows and Macs
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patch
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a bug fix usually published on the software manufactures support page - applying these is often an effective way of stopping security vulnerabilities being exploited by hackers
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macro
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an automated procedure often programmed/recorded by the user, that performs a series of commonly used steps in a piece of sofware. Eg printing a particular sheet with the current data, running a query and exporting the data or copying data from one file to another
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network topology
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the layout of the wires in a wired network - the common ones are bus, star and ring (although mesh also exists rarely)
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hybrid network
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a network that has a topology that is made up of more than one type of topology
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smart card
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a card that looks like a standard credit card, but features an embedded microprocessor and memory instead of a magnetic strip
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passive rfid tag
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a device that when energized by a nearby rfid reader, broadcasts information to the reader for input into a computer
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active rfid tag
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an rfid tag that contains its own power supply and is not dependent on being engergised by a reader - it has a longer range
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rfid reader
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a radio device designed to communicate with tags - different types dependent on the range and device
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real time processing
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processing that happens in control systems - medical monitoring, datalogging, environmental control, robotics
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transaction processing
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computer processing that happens when you are dealing with data (databases, information processing systems) - a transaction is adding a record, deleting one, editing one, even reading one
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SQL
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Structured query language - the most widely used language for managing data in relational databases. It has been standardised and DBMS vendors now certify their products as being compliant with this.
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online processing
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the form of transaction processing where each transaction is dealt with in turn and each is completed before the next is started. Used where time is a factor and you don't want things to get out of date eg cinema tickets, online banking
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batch processing
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transactions are collected into batches over a specified period of time (e.g. a day for cheques, a month for utility bills). They are then entered, validated, sorted and then in one go used to update the master file. The result is a new master file, and the old one is kept as a father file
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Social Engineering
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An informal term that is used to describe the use of deception to get individuals to reveal sensitive information. eg pretending to be someone else and get their password reset so you can access their account. Often easier to do than technical hacking
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botnet
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a malicious network of bots (zombie computers) often used for spamming, malicious software attacts, DNS attacks and pornography
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zombie computer
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an internet connected computer that has been hijacked using viruses or other tools to perform malicious acts without the knowledge of their owners/users
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simulation
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the use of a computer model to replicate reality. used extensively in training, research, gaming
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modeling
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the use of computers to create abstract mathematical models of objects, organisations, organisms and processes. eg bacteria, economy of Brazil, an alien space ship
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data mining
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the discovery and extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases
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data matching
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the extaction of information from the combination of data from two different databases using a common key eg passport number, social security number, date of birth combined with address. Allows for matching of police records with education records for eg
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data scrubbing
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the processing of going through a database and getting rid of records that contain errors - makes the data more valuable
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data warehouse
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an integrated collection of data stored in one location belonging to one organisation
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data warehousing software
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software used to create and maintain huge databases
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database
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a collection of data stored in an organised form that can be interrogated to produce information
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flat file database
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a database that has only one table (and so should have only one entity!) - if it is about more than one thing, it will have problems with data redundancy which leads to errors
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flat file database
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a database that has only one table (and so should have only one entity!) - if it is about more than one thing, it will have problems with data redundancy which leads to errors
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validation
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that act of checking that data which is being input is reasonable - it falls into a particular range, is present, is in a particular format, has a particular number of characters etc
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verification
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the act of reducing input errors by comparison - in double entry verification it is entered twice and compared by software to detect the errors, in visual verification, it is usually done by the person typing and they compare the typed version to the original source of the data.
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check digit
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a form of validation found usually on barcodes or other automatic input methods. One of the numbers is calculated from the others using an algorithm when the barcode is produced. When the data is inputed using the barcode, the calculation is repeated and the check digit compared with the result of the calculation to check they are the same
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primary key/key field
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a unique identifier for one record in the table of data. Each record has just one primary key and each primary key applies just to one record. e.g. your school 4 or 5 digit number
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foreign key
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a primary key from a different table used to create a relationship between 2 tables. Eg in the class table for your lessons, it has its own primary key, but your school id will be in the table to link you to the class
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Turing test
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the test devised by Alan turing where a human tester talks (using text ) to 2 "people" in different rooms - one is a person the other is the supposedly intelligent computer. The conversation can be about anything. If the tester cannot tell which is human and which is the computer, then the computer must be intelligent
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Trojan
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malware that pretends to be something else in order to gain access to your system
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network administrators
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the technical experts that make networks in organisation run
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mail merge
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a feature of word processing software that allows a form letter/labels or other standard format to be combined with output from a database query in order to produce personalised mailings/labels/newsletters etc
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GPS
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global positioning system - the use of satellites (somewhere between 24 and 32) to pinpoint the location of a gps device on the planet. Different accuracy for different applications - originally military
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TCP/IP
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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The protocols that control the chunking of data into packets and the passing of it over networks. It governs the use of IP addresses to define locations on a network
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HTTP
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hypertext transfer protocol - the protocol that controls the transfer of webpages
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hub
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a simple network device that sends messages out to nodes on a network - it does not manage traffic
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switch
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a network device (hardware) that directs traffic on a network to its destination
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router
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a device that directs internet transmissions
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domestic gateway
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a router that is used to connect a home network to the internet
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Java
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a platform neutral object oriented programming language for use on multiplatform networks
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Java
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a platform neutral object oriented programming language for use on multiplatform networks
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USB
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universal serial bus - a data path standard that allows multiple peripheral devices to be chained together from a single port - much faster and more flexible than traditional serial or parallel ports
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