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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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accept input from the outside world
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input devices
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send information to the outside world
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output devices
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(CPU) the computer's brain, processes information, performs calculations and makes basic decisions by comparing information values
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microprocessor
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random access memeory-used to store data/information
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RAM
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the smallest unit of information a computer can process; can only have 2 values, o and 1
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bit
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collection of 8 bits (can represent 256 different messages)
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byte
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a system that denotes all numbers with combinations of 2 digits
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binary number system
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange-represents each character as a unique 8-bit code
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ASCII
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a coding scheme that supports 65,000 unique characters
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unicode
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1000 bytes of information
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kilobyte
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about 1,000 KB or 1 million bytes
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megabyte
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about 1,000 MB
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gigabyte
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about 1 million MB
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terabyte
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about 1,024 terabytes
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petabyte
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the circuit board that contains a computer's CPU
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motherboard
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the timing device that produces electrical pulses to synchronize the computer's opperation
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internal clock
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a computer's click is measured in these (for billions of cycles per second)
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gigahertz
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a computer that emply's two microprocessors to improve overall performance
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multiprocessing / parrallel processing
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the computer can only read the information
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nonvolatile memory (ROM)
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external devices
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peripherals
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data processing, in which a number of inputs are grouped together to be processed at the same time
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batch processing
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an area where the collection of information is organized for access
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centralized database
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data that has several parts that can be divided into fields
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computed fields
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the process of searching for large volumes of data
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data mining
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collects, integrates, and stores data
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data warehouse
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a program that creates a collection of data
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database program
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data that is misleading or incorrect, or outdated
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dirty data
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it is for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing data
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geographic information syster (GIS)
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to bring in data / download
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import data
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it is for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing personal data
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personal information system (PIS)
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computer languaged used when creating information systems
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query language
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time outside (in the world) most computers can send emails in _______ _______ (quicker than mail
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real time
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a document that registers data
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record
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takes data and you can get just what you want
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report
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according to the fourth admendment of the United States Constitution, everyone has a right to their property...and no thing can be seized without a warrant
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right to privacy
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when you want the computer to find somthing specific
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search
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a query language for relational databasesa
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SQL
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set of data in a database, also means a showing of information
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table
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processing through interaction between computers (happens in real time)
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interactive processing
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to search for a certain type of information from a database
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browse
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connection between server and user
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client/server
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cleaning up a database, by removing old or wrong information
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data scrubbing/data cleansing
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a collection of information stored in computers/machines
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database
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programs designed to manage and organize large quanities of information
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database management system (DBMS)
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database that shares its files with several computer networks
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distributed database
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sinding or transferring data pieces to another program
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export data
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chunks of information that makes up the record of data
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field
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programs designed to managed and to organize files
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file manager
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a name or a code that identifies a person or a machine
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identity
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how it processes objects such as images instead of just data
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object-oriented processing
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things that are kept from others. Only certain information can be read by other people
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privacy
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matching data information that share commonalities in their fields and combine them
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record matching
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a program that allows correction/change of information in a database easier, it links files together so that changes made in one of them will automatically be made in all other files as well
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relational database
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searching for specific records in a database, that meet the criteria the user asks for
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select (records)
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organizing data alphabetically or numerically
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sort
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related to data/ when a user whats to show data on a web page
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XML
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an information request
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query
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establishing the users identity beyond reasonable doubt
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authenticity
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the diminishing importance of geographic, political, economic, and cultural boundaries
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globalization and cultural diversity
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the operation of hardware, the design of software, the accuracy of data or the correspondence of data with the real world
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reliability
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ideas, discoveries, writings, works of art, software, collections, and presentations of data
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intellectual property
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the correspondence of data with itself, at its creation
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integrity
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offering universal right to use information, regardless of distance, age, race, gender, or other personal characteristics
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equality of access
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the protections of hardware, software, machines, and networkds from unauthorized access, alteration or destruction
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security
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the interactioin of humans with IT hardware raises kinds of issues
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people and machines
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IT improves reliability, accuracy, and speed of systems
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control
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enforceable measures intended to promote appropriate use
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policies and standards
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the ability of individuals and groups to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about themselves is shared with others
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privacy
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