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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pope
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Pope Pius IX- granted amnesty for political prisoners, sympathetic to the unification
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Romantic Nationalism
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the state derives its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs; arose in reaction to dynastic or imperial hegemony.
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Italian Economy 1815-1850
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Italy had few industries, and many lived off agriculture. The difference between the more advanced northern half and the poorer south was evident. The pace of industrialization was slow, and industry could not provide jobs for new generations of workers.
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Italian Politics 1815-1850
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Under Hapsburg and Papal control, was under Metternich guidance, who suppressed any liberal reform, Vatican control education,
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Secret Societies
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Primarily middle class, met to discuss liberal democratic and nationalistic ideas, disseminate banned literature and sometimes plot murders
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Carbonari
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Was one of the largest Italian secret society devoted to Italian nationalism
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Giuseppe Mazzini
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1805-1872.Liberal nationalist, member of Carbonari before forming Young Italy. Romantic nationalist- believed that unification was more than just politics, it would transform Italy spiritually, morally and intellectually,
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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1807-1882. Joined Young Italy, led the defense of the Roman Republic in 1849, and the force that bought Sicily and Naples into the union
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Victor Emanuel II
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1820-78. Throne of Piedmont. Worked with Cavour to modernize Piedmont-Sardinia. Proclaimed King of the new Kingdom of Italy in March 1860.
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Camillo di Cavour
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1810-64. Prime minister of Piedmont in 1852. Classical liberal and wanted a modern constitutional state
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Young Italy
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Created by Mazzini in 1831, goal of this movement was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.
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Italian Revolution of 1848
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Sought to eliminate Austrian control, led by Piedmont, the King, Charles Albert, declared war on Austria, but was no match and was defeated. It Failed
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Modernization of Piedmont-Sardinia
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Had to industrialize the economy and modernize admin. Railroads were constructed, international trade expanded, textile industries thrived, All because of Cavour
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The Crimean War 1854-1856
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Broke the balance of power, conflict between the Russian and an alliance of French, Britain, Ottoman, and Sardinia. Contest for influence over territories in the declining Ottoman for three years
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Congress of Paris- 1856
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Peace conference after Crimean War, kept the Ottoman Empire whole, gave Turkey independence, Russia restored to old boundaries
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Plombieres—The Secret Meeting July 1858
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Cavour and Napoleon concluded an alliance and plan for the war w/Austria. Plan was to jointly fight and win and make Italy unified.
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Plebiscites
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Direct vote by eligible voters on an issue.
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Liberation of Naples, Southern Italy and the Papal States
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Garibaldi rose up and conquered the Kingdom of Naples in Sep. 1860. Cavour invaded Papal States and met Garibaldi's forces at Northern Border of Naples. Garibaldi turned Naples into Sicily and unification complete
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Post Unification Economics--Italy
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War had made it worse, debts were to be paid, military had to be reformed and that needed money, agriculture was inefficient, government took more loans and devalued currency, took Church's land and increased taxes
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Post Unification Politics—Italy
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Cavour died and Italy adopted a centralized system where Italy was divided into admin. units controlled and reporting to central govt. This govt. had to form one language, currency, tax, etc.
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Northern and Southern Italian Split
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Remained divided politically, socially and economically. Industry was centered in North and South was reluctant to reform land ownership and agriculture.
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Pope Pius IX and the Church after Unification
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Not until 1929 did the Vatican recognize the legitimacy of the Italian government. Maintained control over education.
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