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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metternich |
-Wanted Italy to be a geographical expression, not United nation -South: kingdom of two Sicilies French bourbon controlled Half the landmass of Italy Very conservative constitution -Central: papal states Pope is against unification Napoleon the third is backing up pope with his army -North: Tuscany, Modena, Parma Local Italian rulers that answer to Austrians Not valuable enough to control themselves -Lombardy and Venetia Huge economic centers Lombardy made money with lottery tickets Venetia attracts tourists and is great for trade -Sardegna piedmont House of the boy Only problem is ruled by Italian monarch Independent of foreign control Seed of nationalism movement and unification Home of the Carbonari Enemies are the Austrians, French, and the pope |
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Carbonari |
Created during Napoleon I reign -Giuseppe Mazzini and Guiseppe Garibaldi lead the series unsuccessful revolts which lead to less trust in them
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Young Italy society |
-Movers and shakers of Italian unification -Nonsecret of organization -Garibaldi and Mazzini join this -Most important person raining: Victor Emmanuel II |
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Sardinia piedmont |
Victor Emmanuel I I -From House of Savoy (replaced Charles Albert) -Passes liberal minded constitution -Performed taxes, gave people Parliament and a voice -Appointed Camillio de Cavour as his prime minister |
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Camillia day of war |
-A dedicated political leader and unifier of Italy -Europe's most brilliant statement of 1800s -Early life: political genius, precursor to Bismarck, modern Machiavellian, rejected from military because he was too liberal, traveled a lot other places with revolutions -Premiere of Piedmont -used war and politics to achieve his goal of unifying Italy |
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Premiere of Piedmont |
-Carried out a liberal perform movement -Made piedmont a very prosperous and progressive state -Foreign-policy -Alliance with Napoleon III : barters his own family's land (nice and savoy) for an alliance Napoleon excepts; blindsided by promise of land puts Napoleon in corner between 2 catholic nations
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Giuseppe Mazzini |
-Original driving force behind Italian unification -the duties of man -Duties are first to God then to nation then to self and family |
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Guiseppe Garibaldi |
-A friend of Mazzini who also want to Democratic Republic and Italy -Uruguay: try to overthrow Spanish ruler; helps Uruguay successfully overthrow ruler; helps Cavour |
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Redshirts |
-Followers of Garibaldi -Wear red shirts to symbolize revolution -1000 revolutionaries-Public organization -valid to stay by Cavour |
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War with Austria |
-most important enemy of Itly -Sardinia-Piedmont fighting mostly alone w/ help from Napoleon III -Austria is winning until Nap. pushes them back -Austria is trying to hang on to economic lifeline -Naopleon withdraws support b/c of outside pressure |
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Peace of Vilafranc |
-b/w Austri and Napoleon -Cavour feels duped -Austria gets control of Venetia -Austria cedes Lombardy to Piedmont |
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War in Northern Italy |
-Tuscany, Paarma, Modena, and Romanga all unite with Piedmont against the Austrians; Cavour returns to the premiership in 1860 at the urging of Emmanual II -Napoleon III allows them to take the land in the Papal States in exchange for Nice and Savoy |
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Southern Italy |
1860: revolution breaks out against Francis II -spread too quickly to supress -Garibaldi and red shirts sail to Sicily and liberate the area from the Bourbon king by September |
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Annexation of the Papal States |
-does not annex Rome |
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Results |
-Pope adopted policy of imprisonment on Vatican grounds -forbid catholics in participating in gov. until 1929 |
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Lateran Treaty of 1929 |
-establishes catholicism as Italiam religions -Italian gov. will pay for all church lands lost -pope lifted ban on involvement in gov. |
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Italian Politics |
-parliamentary gov. but few males have the right to vote -Northern Italy is industry; middle upper class, money -Southern Italy : agrarian; poor farmers; poverty -Italy is too fragmented politically, economically, and culturally to be a world power |
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German Unification |
-failed revolutions of 1848 gaveway for the reestablishment of the German confederation which Austria dominated |
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Otto von Bismark |
-Was president Frankfurt assembly -Born to land owning Nobles class family -Studied law -elected to the Prussian Parliament, the Landtag -named Prussia's minister-president |
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William I |
Military policy: -emporer of Germany (Kaiser) -funds military by taxing middle class
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Albrecht von Roon |
-tells William to grow tax people to grow mother of all militaries -wanted Bismarck to promote idea -Bismark passed the taxes as law |
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Realpolitik |
-right of any nation to pursue its own advancement by any means including war and repudiation of treaties |
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Schleswig-Holstein |
-part German speaking areas in Denmark -want to be annexed by Germany -Bismark knows he can't do it by himself -gets Prussia and Austria to help with promise of land Prussian gets Schlieswig and Austri gets Holstein
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Bismark's alliances |
-Bismark knows that in order to defeat Austria, he needs to get other countries to sign treaties of neutrality -France: Bismarck offers Napoleon Rhineland and other Germanic territories -Italy: Bismarck offers Venetia; italians are already worried about sharing a border with Austria -Russia :owed Prussia a favor for helping with Poland Revolution |
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Seven Weeks War |
-Austria is defeated in seven weeks in Bohemia -Prussia accused Austria of violating an agreement and called for the abolition of the German Confederation -Prussia crushed Austria -Austria ceased to be an effective German power |
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Treaty of Prague |
-Prussia gets Holstein -austria agrees to dissolve German Confederation -Italy gets Venetia -very moderate peace treaty |
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North German confederation |
-all German states north go Maine River -opposition: catholic and liberal gov.; France napoleon |
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Hohenzollern Candidacy |
-hohenzollerns are in power in Prussia -Prince Leopold -FRance doesn't want another Hohenzollern -Prussia removed Prince leopold from consideration -Benedetti wants to insure hohenzollern will not be on throne |
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Ems Dispatch |
-William I sent telegram to Bismarck, Bismark tweaked it and published it -used as propaganda to get german satisfaction |
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Franco-Prussion War |
-German armies mobilized efficiently and defeated the french on french soil (Battle of Sedan) -Napoleon III is captures -siege of Paris : German's starved them out
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Hall of Mirrors |
-german unification is proclaimed here -2nd reich of Germany -Kaiser = king of germany -January 18, 1871 : birthdate of Germany |
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Treaty of Frankfurt |
-France is screwed over: loses Alsace and Lorraine -French pays 1 billion is reparations
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Unified Germany |
-each of the 38 provinces has its own gov. leader, military but they all answer to Kaiser |
