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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most difficult task facing a project manager?
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establishing a reasonable budget
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What are the four organization types?
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Functional (line); pure project; matrix; mixed
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What is float?
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the difference between the time available for a task and the time necessary to complete it
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What is another name for a kill point?
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phase gate
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What are the two components of project leadership?
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visibility and communication
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What advantages does a functional organization type have?
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team familiarity; established administration; staff availability; scheduling efficiency; clear authority
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What is another name for situational management?
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contingency theory
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What two techniques can be used to improve schedule estimation?
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PERT and Monte Carlo analysis
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What is the original approved plan sometimes called?
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baseline plan
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During what process would a prototype or use case modeling be used?
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requirements analysis
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What two project organization types are most common in small- to mid-sized businesses?
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functional and matrix
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What is the formula for a PERT estimate?
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(best-case + 4*most-likely + worst-case ) / 6
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What sort of project is best suited to a pure-project approach?
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a complex, high-priority project lasting a year or more
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How does a functional project work?
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a project is assigned to the department with relevant expertise
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How does bottom-up budgeting work?
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staff creates budget starting at the task level
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What are the two components of scope?
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function (what it does); performance (how well it does it)
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What is resource leveling?
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reassigning scheduled work from a heavily-loaded resource to one with a lighter load
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What are the two principal tools used to track the progress of a project?
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Gantt chart and earned-value analysis
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What are the seven steps in scheduling?
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document assumptions; estimate task duration; determine critical path & task float; determine calendar dates & create ideal schedule; adjust resource assignments & incorporate schedule adjustments; chart schedule; final approval & distribution
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What project structure is best for a project that uses people solely from the same organization?
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Functional
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How does top-down budgeting work?
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senior managers estimate budget and allocate funds to lower-level managers
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What are the five stakeholder roles in a project?
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project manager; project sponsor; manager; team member; client/customer
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What two steps can ease problems of budget control?
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establish petty cash fund; get as much signing authority as possible
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What project organization type is most common?
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matrix
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What are the four disadvantages of the matrix organization type?
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built-in conflicts; resistance to project termination; complex command and authority relationships; complex employee recognition systems
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What is usually the first event in the execution phase?
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kick-off event
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What kind of scheduling chart is most common?
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Gantt chart
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What disadvantages does a functional organization have?
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isolation of project and group; limited resources; bureaucratic procedures; lack of project focus; department orientation
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Which two scheduling tasks should be performed with the project team?
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estimating task duration; adjusting resource assignment & incorporating schedule adjustments
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How does a pure-project organization work?
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task force from various departments report solely to PM for duration of project
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Which budgeting type is more difficult?
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top-down
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What three values does Earned Value Analysis create?
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Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS); Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP); Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP)
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Which budget method is best to avoid overlooking a task or subtask?
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bottom-up
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What are the three options when faced with a possible risk?
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avoid; accept; mitigate
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What are the two established methods for budgeting?
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top-down and bottom-up
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How many estimates does PERT require?
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Three: best-case, worst-case and most likely
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What method should be used to develop the project plan if the project is extremely large?
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breaking the project in to subprojects
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What three types of communication are necessary?
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vertical, horizontal and diagonal
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What sort of project usually employs a mixed organization approach?
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a complex project with widely differing subprojects
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What are the three C's of sucessful project organizations?
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communication, cooperation and coordination
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What are two advantages of creating the project plan yourself?
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quicker; can be created before the team is assembled
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What is MBWA?
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Management By Walking Around
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What is contingency theory?
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matching leadership style to the needs of a specific situation
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What is the mixed organization type?
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project that uses a mix of functional, pure-project and matrix approaches
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What are the four disadvantages to the pure-project approach?
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duplication of effort; unclear loyalties and motivations; intracompany rivalry; uncertain reintegration of resources
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What are the three basic orientations of leadership?
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task-oriented, employee-oriented and reward-oriented
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What error percentage during cross-checking indicates that a plan needs further work?
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10%
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What are the four advantages of the pure-project approach?
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clear authority; simplified project communication; access to special expertise; project focus and priority
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What are the five advantages of the matrix organization type?
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clear project focus; flexible staffing; adaptability to management needs and skills; staff development opportunities; adaptable to business changes
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What is a matrix organization approach?
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a situation in which employees report to multiple managers
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What is resource loading?
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the time that individual resources have committed to a project
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What usually serves as the first step in establishing team spirit?
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kick-off event
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What is the goal of the matrix organization type?
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to integrate the best features of functional and pure-project approaches
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At what point should cross-checking of a plan be completely started over?
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when more than 3% of the plan requires modification
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How much does the Coast Guard allow for unexpected expenses?
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1/3 of total budget (1/2 of projected budget)
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Where are pure-project organizations usually found?
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in organizations where projects are the main focus
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What assumption does reward-oriented leadership make?
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that a high level of performance will result from appropriate rewards
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