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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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data center
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a facility housing computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications, storage, security systems, and backup power supplies
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system software
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manages the resources and activities of the computer
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application software
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applies the computer to a specific task for an end user
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data management software
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organizes, manages, and processes business data concerned with inventory, customers, and vendors
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legacy systems
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generally older transaction process systems created for older computers that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning them
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workstation
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has powerful mathematical and graphics-processing capabilities (i.e. used for performing advanced design or engineering work that requires powerful graphics or computations capabilities
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server
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specifically optimized to support a computer network, enabling users to share files, software, peripheral devices (i.e., printers), or other network resources
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mainframe
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a large-capacity, high-performance computer that can rapidly process large amounts of data
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supercomputer
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specially designed and more sophisticated computer that is used for tasks requiring extremely fast and complex calculations with thousands of variables, millions of measurements and thousands of equations
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grid computing
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involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a “virtual supercomputer” by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid
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distributed processing
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the use of multiple computers linked by a communications network for processing
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centralized processing
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all processing is accomplished by one large central computers (less common)
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client/server computing
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widely used form of distributed processing that splits processing between “clients” and “servers”
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client
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user point of entry for the required function and is normally a desktop or laptop computer
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client/server architecture (two-tiered & N-tier)
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the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested
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N-tier
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complex, multi-tiered client/server architecture
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Web server
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serves a Web page to a client in response to a request for service
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application server
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handles all application operations between a user and an organizations’ back-end business systems
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magnetic disks
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most widely used secondary storage medium
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optical disks
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uses laser technology to store large quantities of data
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CD-ROM
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4.75 in. compact disk that can store up to 660 MB
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digital video discs
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optical disks with higher capacity; 4.7 GB minimum
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magnetic tape
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an older storage technology that is used for secondary storage of large quantities of data that are needed rapidly but not instantly
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storage networking
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deal with the complexity and cost of mushrooming storage requirements
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storage area networks (SANs)
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connect multiple storage devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage
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input devices
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gather data and convert them into electronic form
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output devices
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display data after they have been processed
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nanotechnology
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uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of time smaller than current technologies permit
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virtualization
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process of presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location
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on-demand self-service
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consumers can obtain computing capabilities such as server time or network storage as needed automatically on their own
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ubiquitous network access
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cloud resources can be accessed using standard network and Internet devices, including mobile platforms
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location independent resource pooling
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computer resources pooled to serve multiple users, with different virtual resources dynamically
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rapid elasticity
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computing resources can be rapidly provisioned, increased, or decreased to meet changing user demand
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measured service
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charges for cloud resources based on amount of resources actually used
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public cloud
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owned and maintained by a cloud service provider and made available to the general public or industry group
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private cloud
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operated solely for an organization
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on-demand computing
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purchasing computer services from remote providers and paying for amount of computer power used
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green computing
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practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated devices to minimize impact on the environment.
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multicore processor
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an integrated circuit to which two or more processor cores have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and efficient simultaneous processing
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autonomic computing
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industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, and heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction
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operating system
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system software that manages and controls the computer’s activities
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graphical user interface (GUI)
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makes extensive use of icons, buttons, bars, and boxes to perform tasks
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multitouch
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allows user to use one or more fingers to perform special gestures on a screen without a mouse or keyboard
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Chrome OS
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lightweight operationg system for cloud computerin using a Web-connected device
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Android
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open source operating system for mobile devices (smartphones, tablets)
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UNIX
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multiuser, multitaskin operating sytem (Bell Laboratories, 1969) connect various machines; supports communication and networking
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Linux
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UNIX-like operating system; free on Internet; reliable; compact; platform-diverse
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open source software
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provides all computer users with free access to its program code, allowing them to modify the code to fix errors or make improvements
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C
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programming languages; 1970’s; used by programmers to create operating systems and application software, especially for PCs
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C++
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newer version of C, but can work with software objects
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object
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combines data and procedures
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Visual Basic
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programming language for creating applications that run on Windows OS
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visual programming language
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allows manipulation of graphic/iconic elements to create programs
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COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
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early 60s; used for processing large alphanumeric data files; primarily seen in legacy systems
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fourth-generation languages
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software tools that enable end users to develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance ; nonprocedural than conventional programming languages
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query languages
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software tools that provide immediate online answers to requests for information
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software package
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prewritten, pre-coded, commercially available set of programs
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word processing software
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stores text data electronically (MS Word)
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spreadsheet software
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organizes data into a grid of columns and rows (MS Excel)
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data management software
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facilitates creating files and databases and storing, modifying, and manipulating data for reports and queries (MS Access)
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presentation graphics
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converts numeric data into charts and other types of graphics (MS PowerPoint)
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software suites
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bundled office productivity tools (MS Office)
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Google Apps
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a collaboration tool that provides word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, calendar and email for little to no cost
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Web browsers
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used for displaying Web pages and access the Web and other Internet resources (Internet Explorer)
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Java
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an operating system-independent, processor-independent, object-oriented programming language; enables users to work with data on networked systems using Web browsers
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
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page description language for specifying how text, graphic, video and sound are placed on a Web page
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HTML5
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next evolution of HTML; enables embedding of images, audio, video, etc. without processor-intensive add-ons
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Web services
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set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using university Web communications standards and languages
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XML (Extensible Markup Language)
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developed 1996; more powerful/flexible than HTML
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service-oriented architecture (SOA)
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a set of self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application
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Software as a Service (SaaS)
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services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service
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mashups
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software components that are mixed and matched to create customized applications
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apps
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small pieces of software that run on the internet, computer or mobile devices, generally delivered over the Internet
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capacity planning
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the process of predicting when a computer hardware system becomes saturated
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scalability
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ability of a computer, product or system to expand to serve a larger number of users
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total cost of ownership
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ongoing administration costs for hardware and software upgrades, maintenance, technical support, training, utility and real estate
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outsourcing
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contracting with external service provider
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Web hosting service
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provide fee-paying subscribers with Web space
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offshore software outsourcing
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outsourcing software work outside national borders
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service level agreement (SLA)
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formal contract between customers and service providers that defines provider responsibility and customer service expectations
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co-location
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a firm purchases and owns their Web server but locates the server in the physical facility of a hosting service
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