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182 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AI
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• Simulates human intelligence
• Learn and understand from experience Think of the mall robot, smart pump, and bomb diffuser |
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Association detection
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• Relationship between 2 variables
• If look at this than buy this… • Ex: Amazon |
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Cluster analysis
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• Used to divide information into groups
• Find Patterns |
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Consolidation
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• EIS - Unite into one
• Ex: Regional to global |
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Data mining
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• Process of sorting through large amounts of data and picking out relevant information
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Decision support system (DSS)
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• Managers
• Covers Sensitivity, What-if, and Goal-seeking • Middle of pyramid • Models information |
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Digital dashboards
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• Feature of EIS
• Integrates information from multiple components and tailors them to individual preferences • Think of a car dashboard, but 10x more nerdy |
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Drill-down
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• EIS - details of details of information
• Monthly, weekly, daily, or hourly |
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Executive information system (EIS)
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• Top of pyramid
• Supports executives within the company • Differs from DSS because contains data from external and internal sources • Includes Consolidation, Drill-down, and Slice and dice |
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Expert Systems
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• Imitate reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems
• Good solution when human experts are hard to find, retain or too expensive |
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EIS
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Executive information system (EIS)
• Top of pyramid • Supports executives within the company • Differs from DSS because contains data from external and internal sources • Includes Consolidation, Drill-down, and Slice and dice |
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Expert Systems
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• Imitate reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems
• Good solution when human experts are hard to find, retain or too expensive |
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Genetic algorithms
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• Mimics survival of the fittest process to generate better solutions
• Evolves to best fit |
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Goal-seeking analysis
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• Instead of observing how changes in a variable affect other variables, goal-seek sets a target value for a variable and changes other variables until the target variable is reached
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Intelligent agent
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• Accomplishes a special task for a user
• Think of a shopping bot • Ex: E-bay |
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Neural Networks
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• Attempts to emulate the human brain works
• Ex: Better helps predict crime, finds pattersn and financial opportunities |
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OLTP
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Online transaction processing
• Capturing of transaction information 1. Process information as defined by business rules 2. Store information 3. Update existing information |
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Sensitivity analysis
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• How 1 change affects other variables
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Shopping bot
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• Mysimon.com pricegrabber.com
• Searches several retailers for a product and returns the prices |
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Slice-and-dice
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• EIS - think of cubes
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Statistical analysis
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• Median, mean, stdev, etc…
• Forecast - predictions |
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TPS
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Transaction processing system
• Bottom of pyramid • Analysts • Ex: Accounting payroll system |
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What-if analysis
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What will happen…."
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business wikis
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• Collaborative web pages that allow users to edit documents, share ideas, or monitor the status of a project
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collaboration system
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• It set of tools that supports the work of teams
• Ex: Interactions between people who may be in different locations and desire to work… • Call for creating and sharing information rapidly and effortlessly within a team |
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content management system
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• Provides tools to manage the creation, storage, editing, and publication of information in a collaborative environment
• Ex: Wikis |
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core competency
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• An organization's key strength, what they do better than the rest
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core competency strategy
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• Focuses on what it does best, and makes alliances with other specialists to handle other business process (the stuff they really don't want to worry about because they're too busy making loads of money doing their "thing")
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database-based workflow systems
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• Workflow - stores documents in a central location and automatically asks team members to update the document when it is their turn
• Reminds me of the famous google docs |
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digital asset management system (DAM)
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• CMS - similar to DMS, but works with binary rather than text files, such as multimedia files
• File manipulation and conversion, converting GIF files to JPEG |
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Digital Darwinism
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• Companies that can not adapt to demands in the information age are doomed to extinction
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digital divide
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• Those with access to technology have a great advantages over those without access to technology
• Ex: those who have to bike five miles to a telephone |
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disruptive technology
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• New way of doing things that does not meet the needs of existing customers
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document management system (DMS)
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• CMS - electronic capturing, storage, distribution, archiving, and accessing of documents
• Think of your BYUB job |
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explicit knowledge
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• Any type of knowledge you can document
• Ex: patents, trademarks... |
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Groupware
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• Software that supports team interaction
• Ex: videoconferencing |
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Hypertext transport protocol
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• Internet standard that supports the exchange of information on the WWW
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information collaboration
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aka Unstructured collaboration
e-mail, document exchange... |
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information partnership
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• When two or more businesses cooperate by integrating their IT systems, thus giving the customers the best of what each can do
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instant messaging
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• Ability to receive instantaneous electronic messages
Private chat room |
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Internet
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• Is this thing really still around?
• A big public network of computer networks that pass information from one to another |
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joint problem solving
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• The novice and the expert work together
• Hands on |
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knowledge management
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• Comprises a range of practices used in an organization to identify, create, represent, distribute and enable adoption of insights and experiences
• Think of someone leaving a company and all the "knowledge" they have gained |
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knowledge management system
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• Supports capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge
• Think of know-how |
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messaging-based workflow systems
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• Workflow - send work assignments through an e-mail system
• Each time a step is complete , system sends work to next indidivudal in line |
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process collaboration
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aka Structured collaboration
involves shared participation in business processes hard coded rules |
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Protocols
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• Standards that specify the format of data, as well as rules to be followed
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semantic Web
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• Language that can be read by software agents, permitting them to find, share, and integrate information more easily
Characteristic of web 3.0 |
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service-oriented architecture
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• Services that communicate with each other
• Could help businesses respond more quickly and cost-effectively to changing market conditions Characteristic of web 3.0 |
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Shadowing
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• Less experienced staff observe more experienced staff to learn their approaches and techniques
• More passive and observational |
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social networking analysis
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• A process of mapping a group's contacts to identify who knows whom and who works with whom
• Provides a clear picture of how far-flung employees and divisions work together and can help identify key experts |
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structured collaboration
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• Involves shared participation in business processes
• Knowledge is hard coded as rules |
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sustaining technology
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• Produce an improved product customers are eager to buy
• Tends to provide better, faster, and cheaper products in established markets |
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tacit knowledge
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• Knowledge contained in people's heads
• Problem because it's hard to document, overcome through job shadowing |
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unstructured collaboration
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• Document exchange, shared whiteboards, discussion forums, and e-mail
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Videoconference
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• Interactive telecommunication technologies that allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio simultaneously
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Web 2.0
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• Economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of internet
• Refers to change in the ways software developers use the web |
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Web conferencing
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• Virtual meeting rooms where people gather, they can share documents, screens...
• Much more interactive than a video conference |
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web content management systems
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Publishing content to both intranets and to public websites
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Wikis
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• Web based tools that make it easy for users to add, remove, and change online content
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Workflow
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Defines all business rules from beginning to end
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workflow management systems
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• Facilitates the automation and management of business processes and control the movement of work through the business process
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World Wide Web
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• Global hypertext system that uses the internet as its transport mechanism
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SDLC
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• Systems development life cycle
Software life cycle (think of planning through maintenance) |
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Adaptive Maintenance
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• Making changes to increase system functionality to meet new business requirements
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Agile Method
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• Form of XP
• Less focus on team coding and more on project scope • Aims for customer satisfaction early on |
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Analysis
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Collecting data to obtain a thorough understanding of what's going on
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Application Testing
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Verifies that all units of code work together
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Business requirements
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Detailed sets of business requests that a system must meet
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Change control board
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A "board" responsible for approving or rejecting all change requests
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Commercial off the shelf
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• Purchased software used to support business functions
Most CRM, SCM are COTS |
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Corrective Maintenance
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Changes to fix system defects
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Cost benefit analysis
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Which project gives the company the greatest profits (benefits) with the least amount of cost
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Critical path
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• Path from start to finish that passes through all the critical parts in the shortest amount of time
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Critical success factor
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• Redundant (factor critical for business success)
• Businesses prioritize which problems require immediate attention and which problems can wait |
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Data flow diagram
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• Illustrates movement of information between external entities and processes and data stores within the system
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Dependency
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• Logical relationship that exists between the project tasks and a milestone
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Design
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• Reports, diagrams, documentation, infrastructure
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Development
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Actually doing it, and coding it
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Documentation Testing
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Verifies that the instruction guides are helpful and accurate
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Economic Feasibility
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• Aka. Cost-benefit-analysis
• Identifies financial benefits and costs associated with the systems development project |
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Entity Relationship Diagram
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• Shows relationships between entities in the database
• You did this first semester |
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Extreme programming
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Breaks a project into tiny phases and developers can't continue until the first phase is complete
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Feature creep
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Developers add extra features that weren't originally intended
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Gantt Chart
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Simple bar chart that depicts project tasks against a calendar
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GUI
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• Graphical user interface
• Buttons and stuff you see on the program |
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Implementation
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Placing system into production
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Integration Testing
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Exposes faults in the integration of software components
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ITIL
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• Information technology infrastructure library
• Framework of best practice approaches intended to facilitate the delivery of high quality IT services |
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Legal Feasibility
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What it says, legal issues
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Maintenance
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• Most expensive part
• Involves performing upgrades and bug fixes |
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Operational Feasibility
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• Likelihood that the project will attain its desired objectives
• Works for someone else but not us |
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Parallel Implementation
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Using both the old and the new system
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Perfective Maintenance
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Changes to enhance the system and improvements
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PERT
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Program Evaluation and Review Technique
Graphical model that depicts a project's tasks and the relationships between those tasks |
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Phased Implementation
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Bringing the new system into play in phases
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Planning
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• Get team together
• Selection of individuals • Goals • Feasibility |
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Plunge Implementation
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Discarding the old system completing and "plunging" right in
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Preventive Maintenance
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• Changes to reduce the chance of future system failures
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Process modeling
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• Involves graphically representing the processes between a system and its environment
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Project deliverables
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• Scope - Measurable tangible, outcome that is produced to complete a project
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Project exclusions
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• Scope - Products, services, processes… that are not specifically a part of the project
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Project Management
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• Application of knowledge, skills, tools, to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project
• Remember the triangle Time/Cost/Scope (with Quality in the center) |
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Project Milestones
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Represents key dates when a certain group of activities must be performed
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Project Objectives
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Scope - Quantifiable criteria that must be met
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Project Product
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Scope - A description of the characteristics the product has undertaken
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Project risk
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• Uncertain event or condition that if occurs can have a positive/negative effect on the project
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Prototype
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Small scale representation of a working model
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Rapid Application Development
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• Involves user feedback
• Quickly develop a working prototype • Pushed forward with iterations (aka running through the SDLC cycle again and again) |
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Recovery Testing
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Ability to get a system back up and running in case of a meltdown
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Requirements definition
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Final set of business requirements, prioritized in order of business importance
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Scalability
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• How well a system can react to increased demands
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Scheduling Feasibility
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• Assesses the likelihood that all potential time frames will be met
• Doesn't have to do with us but product |
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Scope
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The state of the environment in which a situation exists
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Scope creep
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When the scope of the project increases
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Sign-Off
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• User signature representing approval of business requirements
• Think approval of requirements |
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Strategic Alignment
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Projects that are in line with strategic elements are given priority
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Technical Feasibility
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• Determines the organization's ability to build and integrate the proposed system
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Testing
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Checking for errors and bugs, ensure it's meeting business requirements
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Time to market
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• Time from product being conceived to being on sale
• If TTM is high than purchasing COTS will yield higher results than starting from scratch |
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Unit Testing
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Tests each unit of code as soon as the unit is complete
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User Acceptance Testing
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• Let's the customer decided whether or not to accept the system
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Value chain analysis
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Determines the potential "value" a system will add
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Waterfall method
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Sequential (think of planning all the way to maintenance)
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Bluetooth
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• Wireless technology
• 2.4 ghz channel • Connects portable devices that would normally have to be connected through a cable • Ex: wireless cell phone head sets |
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Coaxial cable
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• Cable you plug into your TV
• Covered in copper/aluminum |
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Fiber-optic cable
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• Glass cable, uses light
• Not subject to interference • More fragile than wire, difficult to split, and harder to install |
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
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Allows files to be downloaded or uploaded onto a network
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Firewall
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• A security system consisting of a combination of hardware and software that limits the exposure of a computer or computer network to attack from crackers; commonly used on local area networks that are connected to the internet
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Gateway
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Allows you access to the internet
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Geographic information system (GIS)
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Uses a map and shows where everyone is at
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Global positioning system (GPS)
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Device that determines current latitude, longitude...
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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Allows web browsers to send and receive web pages
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Microwave transmitters
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• Uses the atmosphere to transmit signals over great distances
• Think of the globe and the satellites |
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Packet-switching
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• When the sending computer divides the message into "packets"
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Radio frequency identification (RFID)
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• Tags to store unique identifiers
• Companies use these to track inventory |
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Router
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Intelligent connecting device
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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TCP/IP's mail system
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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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Manage those networks...
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Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP)
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• Provides technical foundation for public internet as well as for large numbers of private networks
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Twisted-pair wiring
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• Used for Ethernet
• Twisted to reduce outside electrical interference |
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Value-added network (VAN)
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Think VPN but with 3rd party support and add-ons
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Virtual private network (VPN)
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• Way to use public telecommunication infrastructure to provide secure access to an organization's network
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Voice over IP (VoIP)
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• Uses TCP/IP to make voice calls over telephone lines
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Wi-fi
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• Wireless fidelity
• Wireless version of Ethernet • Using infrared, or radio signals |
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Application service profider (ASP)
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• A company that offers an organization access over the internet to systems that would generally need to be located on a localized computer
• I thought of google docs |
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Brick-and-morter business
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Just the physical store, no online presence
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Business-to-business (B2B)
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• Think e-marketplaces
• the biggest |
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Click-and-morter business
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• Exact pattern of a consumer's navigation through a site
How customer's interact with a site |
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Click-through
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• Count of how many people visit one site and click on an advertisement
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Consumer-to-business (C2B)
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• Rare (but not in terms of meat)
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Content provider
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• Companies that use the internet to distribute copyrighted content
• Ex: news, music, games, books, movies... |
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E-business
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• Is conducting businesses on the internet, bigger and covers more than e-commerce (think BIG-Business theory) Yes, it's crazy...
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E-commerce
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• Is buying and sellingof goods and services over the internet ONLY
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E-procurement
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B2B purchase and sale of supplies and services over the internet
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E-shop
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Can shop at any time of the day without leaving your home
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Extranet
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An intranet available to strategic allies
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Interactivity
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• Measures the visitor's interactions with the target ad
• Duration of time viewing ad... |
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Intermediaries
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• Agents/software, that bring buyers and sellers together in a trading infrastructure
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Internet service provider (ISP)
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Provides access to the internet, as well as website building…
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Intranet
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Internalized portion of the internet, protected from outside access
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Kiosk
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• Publically accessible computer system
Think of BYU's kiosks, movie tickets, Mazda car company |
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Mobile commerce (m-commerce)
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• Ability to purchase items through a wireless internet-enabled device
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Online brokers
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Intermediaries between buyers and sellers of goods and services
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Online service provider (OSP)
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• Think of AOL and the unique services they offer to their customers
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Portal
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• A website that offers a wide array of resources such as e-mail, search engines, shopping malls
• Ex: yahoo.com, msn.com |
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Pure-play (virtual) business
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• Just online presence, no physical store
• Amazon.com This is a online "player" if you know what I mean |
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Service level agreements (SLAs)
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• ASP - defines responsibilities…. Such as availability, accessibility...
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Web mashup
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• Website that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service
• Think of remixing a song |
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Wireless internet service provider (WISP)
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Subscribe to designated hotspots
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Compiler
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• Translate once, run many times
• Think of exe files |
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data types
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• Think of an int, boolean, string
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event-driven
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• An application is triggered by an event
• You click a button and something happens |
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high-level language
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High abstraction from detail, does all the little coding for you
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Interpreter
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• Converts code to machine everytime
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java virtual machine
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Is installed on each computer, and reads the code each time
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logic error
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Doesn't make logical sense
Ex: the meaning to the universe = 25 that is wrong because everyone knows it's 42 |
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low-level language
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All the nitty gritty programming
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runtime error
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Don't violate syntax, but occur during the actual running (after compilation)
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scripts vs. applets
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• Scripts are interpreted, entre script embedded, <script>
Applets are compiled, stored as a separate file, <applet> |
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syntax error
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Something is typed wrong
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Variables
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Keyword linked to a value
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