Isu: Psych 213 Chapter 7

Front 1

How many inches does the average child grow per year?

Back 1

2-3 inches

Front 2

how much weight does the average child gain per year?

Back 2

5-7 lbs

Front 3

_______________ and ______________ increase as "baby fat" decreases.

Back 3

Muscle mass and strength

Front 4

What changes occur in the brain as a child develops?

Back 4

-Brain volume stabilizes
-There are significant changes in structures
-Some areas of the brain have an increase in activation while other areas decrease

Front 5

Which area of the brain has the most significant changes in structure and region?

Back 5

prefrontal cortex

Front 6

children’s motor skills become smoother and more coordinated, for skills involving large muscle activity- _______ outperform ________, in late childhood- fine motor skills develop due_____________.

Back 6

-boys outperform girls
-due to increased myelination of the central nervous system

Front 7

findings on overweight children: what causes? What consequences?

Back 7

causes = heredity and environmental contexts
consequences= diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol

Front 8

What is a learning disability?

Back 8

Difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language
-the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing, and spelling

Front 9

Causes of ADHD. (4)

Back 9

-genetics
-brain damage during prenatal or postnatal development
-cigarette or alcohol exposure during prenatal development
-low birth weight

Front 10

Symptoms, characteristics of autism. (2 types)

Back 10

- Autistic disorder: onset in the first three years of life/ deficiencies in social relationships, communication, restricted/ repetitive/ stereotyped patterns of behavior
- Asperger syndrome: mild autism spectrum disorder, child has good language skills, mild nonverbal language issues, restricted range of interests and relationships

Front 11

What is long-term memory?

Back 11

relatively permanent and unlimited memory that increases with age

Front 12

Memory Strategy: Guide children to depict detailed information about the material they are to remember, this strategy involves more extensive processing of the info, relating the information to their own life

Back 12

Elaboration

Front 13

How does fuzzy trace theory account for children’s recall of events? Distinguish between verbatim memory and gist.

Back 13

children use a combination of verbatim and gist, verbatim is the precise details of the information and gist is the refers to the central idea of the information

Front 14

What type of thinking is emphasized on intelligence tests?

Back 14

convergent thinking

Front 15

What is an intelligence quotient?

Back 15

a persons’ mental age divided by their chronological age and multiplied by 100.

Front 16

Sternberg’s theory of intelligence. (3 points)

Back 16

analytical, creative, and practical intelligence

Front 17

What factors contribute to ethnic differences in IQ scores?

Back 17

Language differences, time restrictions, pictures

Front 18

second-language learning and bilingual education

Back 18

-U.S. is the only advanced country that does not have a national language requirement
-children have difficulty learning a subject when it is taught in a language they do not understand
- when a second language is used in the classroom, children that have learned the language participate more

Front 19

What are the 3 most common types of learning disabilities?

Back 19

1. Dyslexia = difficulty in reading and spelling
2. Dysgraphia = difficulty in hand writing
3. Dyscalculia= difficulty with math

Front 20

Two types of interventions for families with overweight children

Back 20

-a combination of diet exercise and behavior modification is recommended
-some programs emphasize getting the parents to live healthier lifestyles as well as feeding their children healthier food and getting them to exercise more

Front 21

Causes of autism spectrum disorders.

Back 21

seen more in boys than girls, and is caused by abnormalities in the brain structure, a lack of connectivity

Front 22

What is (IEP)?

Back 22

(individualized educational plan) this is an educational plan that is specifically designed for a disabled students’ needs.

Front 23

What is Inclusion?

Back 23

when a learning disabled child is included in the regular classroom full time

Front 24

What is IDEA

Back 24

It is a law which stands for "Individuals with disabilities education improvement act" it lays out all evaluations and eligibility determining factors as well as the (IEP) and (LRE), it has given legal provisions so that children with disabilities are educated in the normal classroom. Some disabled children benefit from this and some do not.

Front 25

How does knowledge and expertise contribute to children’s memory?

Back 25

knowledge influences what children notice and how they organize, represent, and interpret info. This makes for better ability to remember, reason, and solve problems

Front 26

Memory strategy: Encourage children to engage in mental imagery, associating an image with the information, works better for older children

Back 26

Mental imagery

Front 27

Memory strategy: Motivate children to remember material by understanding it rather than by memorizing it, understanding makes the info stick longer

Back 27

Understanding the material

Front 28

Memory strategy: rehearsal, it is better for short term

Back 28

Repeat with variation

Front 29

Memory strategy: use of mnemonic devices and meta-cognitive questions

Back 29

Embed memory-relevant language

Front 30

What type of thinking is used to measure creativity?

Back 30

divergent thinking

Front 31

Know the range for an “average IQ score.” How many people have an IQ lower than 70 or higher than 130?

Back 31

-average = (85-115)
-lower than 70= 1 in 50 / 5 million americans
-higher than 130= 1 in 50

Front 32

Gardner’s theory of intelligence. (eight frames of mind)

Back 32

verbal
mathematical
spatial
bodily-kinesthetic
musical
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalist