Isu: Bsc 181 Brain And Spinal Cord

Front 1

Label the picture

Back 1

1. Parietal lobe
2. Frontal lobe
3. Left hemisphere
4. Cerebrum
5. Temporal lobe
6. Brain stem
7. Spinal cord
8. Cerebellum
9. Occipital lobe

Front 2

3 layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Back 2

1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater

Front 3

What is the thickest and outer most layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord?

Back 3

Dura mater

Front 4

What is the middle layer that looks like spider webs and surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

Back 4

Arachnoid mater

Front 5

What is the inner most layer that hugs the brain and spinal cord closely and is thin / clear?

Back 5

Pia mater

Front 6

What is the function of the Olfactory bulbs?

Back 6

-function in smell

Front 7

What is the function of the Optic nerve?

Back 7

-transmission of vision impulses

Front 8

What is the Optic chiasma?

Back 8

-site where visual pathways switch

Front 9

What is the Pons and where is it located?

Back 9

–between the midbrain and medulla oblongata that forms a bridge between the two

Front 10

What role does the Pituitary gland have in the brain?

Back 10

–role in releasing many hormones

Front 11

What is the Medulla oblongata?

Back 11

–most inferior part of brain stem that blends into spinal cord

Front 12

What are gyri?

Back 12

-Elevated ridges

Front 13

What are sulci?

Back 13

-shallow grooves

Front 14

What is the significance of the longitudinal fissure?

Back 14

-Separates cerebral hemispheres

Front 15

What is the significance of the transverse cerebral fissure?

Back 15

-separates cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Front 16

What is the Corpus callosum?

Back 16

-connects right and left cerebral hemispheres

Front 17

What are Ventricles in the brain?

Back 17

-spaces in the brain that house and circulate cerebral spinal fluid

Front 18

Label the image

Back 18

1. Lateral Horn
2. Anterior Horn
3. Interventricular foramen
4. Third Ventricle
5. Cerebral Aqueduct
6. Fourth Ventricle
7. Central Canal
8. Septum Pellucidum
9. Inferior Horn
10. Lateral Aperture
11. Posterior Horn
12. Inferior Horn
13. Median Aperture
14. Lateral Aperture

Front 19

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

Back 19

-To increase the conduction/speed of the impulses

Front 20

What cell type is responsible for the myelin sheath in a peripheral nerve? In a CNS nerve?

Back 20

-PNS: Schwann cell / -CNS: oligodendrocyte

Front 21

Where do we commonly find multipolar neurons?

Back 21

-Throughout the body, common in the CNS

Front 22

Where do we commonly find bipolar neurons?

Back 22

-in sensory organs such as eye, ear, olfactory mucosa

Front 23

Where do we commonly find unipolar neurons?

Back 23

-In the PNS: bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia for spinal nerves.
-For cranial nerves/ bodies are located in the sensory ganglia.

Front 24

What type of material composes the gray matter of the spinal cord?

Back 24

-Mostly cell bodies, unmyelinated fibers, glial cells

Front 25

What type of material composes the white matter of the spinal cord?

Back 25

-Myelinated axons

Front 26

What is the location and function of the dorsal root ganglion?

Back 26

-Dorsal root ganglion is located bilaterally, flanking the posterior aspect of the spinal cord.
-The DRG contains the bodies of the sensory/afferent neurons.

Front 27

What are the three meningeal layers that cover the brain and spinal cord?

Back 27

-Dura mater
-Arachnoid mater
-Pia mater

Front 28

What is a sulcus?

Back 28

-The groove formed by the convolutions of the external brain. The “valley” between the hills

Front 29

What is a gyri?

Back 29

-The protrusion formed by the convolutions. The “hills”

Front 30

Which 3 regions make up the diencephalon?

Back 30

-Thalamus
-Epithalamus
-Hypothalamus

Front 31

What function does the thalamus have?

Back 31

-Acts as a relay station for the nerves entering the brain

Front 32

Where is the choroid plexus found and what does it do?

Back 32

-Located in the epithalamus
-functions to produce CSF

Front 33

In the medulla, what are the pyramids?

Back 33

-Ridges located on the ventral surface of the medulla. They are composed of the motor neurons leaving the CNS. They cross or decussate, and the fibers from the right brain run to the left side of the body.

Front 34

What is the optic chiasma?

Back 34

-The region in which the optic nerve crossed from one side of the brain to the other. Not all fibers cross so we perceive visual information in both sides of the brain.

Front 35

What are the ventricles? How many are there?

Back 35

-The ventricles are spaces in the brain that house and circulate CSF.
-There are four ventricles

Front 36

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Back 36

-The corpus callosum connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Front 37

How do Monosynaptic reflexes work?

Back 37

-impulse only crosses one synapse / Forms a reflex arc to stimulate motor fibers Does not involve the brain / ex: (patellar reflex: causes extension of the leg)

Front 38

Would the fiber that runs from a Pacinian corpuscle be afferent or efferent?

Back 38

-afferent

Front 39

Do the ST and DCML tracts decussate in the same location? Which one decussates where?

Back 39

No = ST: in spinal cord / DCML: in the pyramids of Medulla oblongata

Front 40

Since the Plantar response test is looking for a response to pain in which ascending column would this pathway run?

Back 40

-(lateral) Spinothalamic tract

Front 41

What structures make up the tenecephalon?

Back 41

-Cerebrum: cortex, white matter, and basal nuclei

Front 42

What structure makes up the mesencephalon?

Back 42

-Brain stem/ midbrain

Front 43

What structure makes up the metenphalon?

Back 43

-pons