Ist 440W Midterm

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Prioritization techniques

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Pair comparison analysis: prioritize options by comparing each item on a list to all the other items individually
Nominal group technique: particularly important where consensus is needed. Each person ranks items on a scale. The scores are added up to produce final ranking
Grid analysis: helps you prioritize a list of items where you need to take many different factors into consideration
Urgent / important matrix: rank items by urgent or important
Action priority matrix: sort items by effort each one will consume to be completed

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Coverage (with respect to clue detection engines)

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This is also referred to as “spread” and refers to the number of sources that are generating conversation about a given topic.

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Classification

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the allocation of items to groups according to type

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Causality

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the principle that everything that happens must have a cause

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Covariation

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correlated variation of two or more variables

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Correlation

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a relationship in which two or more things are mutual or complementary, or one thing is caused by another

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Systems Theory

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an interdisciplinary field of science and the study of the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science. More specifically, it is a framework by which one can analyze and/or describe any group of objects that work in concert to produce some result. This could be a single organism, any organization or society, or any electro-mechanical or informational artifact. Systems theory first originated in biology in the 1920s out of the need to explain the interrelatedness of organisms in ecosystems. [1] As a technical and general academic area of study it predominantly refers to the science of systems that resulted from Bertalanffy's General System Theory (GST), among others, in initiating what became a project of systems research and practice. It was Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson who developed interdisciplinary perspectives in systems theory (such as positive and negative feedback in the social sciences).

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Reductionism

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the analysis of something into simpler parts or organized systems, especially with a view to explaining or understanding it

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Complexity

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the condition of being difficult to analyze, understand, or solve

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Equivocality

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legos and relationships have multiple meanings or are open to more than one interpretation. Legos and/or relationships are indeterminant, poorly defined, or open to question.

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Dynamism

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represents the speed of change, either in terms of the movement of legos, changes in the relationship between them, or both

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Bounded Rationality

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concept based on the fact that rationality of individuals is limited by the information they have, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the finite amount of time they have to make decisions

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Requisite Variety

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If a system is to be stable the number of states of its control mechanism must be greater than or equal to the number of states in the system being controlled

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Confirmation Bias

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the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.

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Clue Detection Engine

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It involves “sense making,” a process involving scanning, interpretation and action.
Usually involves people (e.g., social networks), process (e.g., workflow), and technology (e.g., e.g., database). Attempts to bring the social, cognitive, procedural, and technical sides into a coherent package.
Early warning system or weak signal detector.

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Situational Awareness

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the perception of environmental elements within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future

Being aware of everything that is happening around oneself
Determining the relative importance of what is observed
Creating a mental model of what is going on
“The perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning and the projection of their status in the future.” – Mica Endsley

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Global Prescience

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knowledge of actions or events before they happen on a global level

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Classical Grouping

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Matrix grouping

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Prospective sense making

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Future-looking