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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Idiographic approach |
Studying behaviour of individual cases |
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Nomothetic approach |
Studying behaviour through general laws that apply to everyone |
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Three general law types of nomothetic |
Classification, establishing principles & establishing dimensions |
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Idiographic qualitative or quantitative? |
Qualitative |
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Nomothetic qualitative or quantitative? |
Quantitative |
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Which is better nomothetic or idiographic |
Both used together sheds light on different areas - eg. Bowlby's law of separation & Koluchuva twins |
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Nomothetic evaluation |
+ Scientific methodology + Generalisable - narrow & restricted view of the world - understanding often superficial |
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Idiographic evaluation |
+ generalised laws may not apply to individual + Can uncover causes for behaviour unfound + Holistic understanding - methods are subjective and hard to replicate - ungeneralisable |
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What must researchers consider when researching socially sensitive areas |
Implications (what is it giving scientific credence?) Uses/public policy (how will the government use it?) Validity (is it wholly valid or subjective?) |
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Holism |
Parts of any whole cannot exist or be understood except in relation to the whole |
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Reductionism |
All complex systems can be understood in terms of their components |
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Holism approach |
Humanistic approach |
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Reductionism approaches |
Biological & behaviourist approach |
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Biological reductionism |
All behaviour is at some level biological |
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Environmental reductionism |
We cannot access the mind so should only look to explain behaviour of stimulus-response links we can measure |
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Holism evaluation |
+ complete picture + acknowledges complexity and considers factors - more hypothetical not empirical - little predictive power - neglects importance of biology |
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Reductionism evaluation |
+ scientific approach + Easier explanation + High predictive power - ignores complexity of behaviour and lacks focus on other influencing factors - ignores context
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Psychic determinism |
Personality is determined by childhood experience, internal systems dtermine how people behave as adults |
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Hard determinist approach |
Biological |
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Very soft determinist approach |
Humanism |
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Alpha bias (culture) |
Emphasises difference between cultures |
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Beta bias (culture) |
Minimises differences between cultures |
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Ethnocentrism |
Judging one culture by the norms of another |
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Emic |
Research carried out in own culture |
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Etic |
research carried out by observer of culture (Can bring imposed etic) |
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Androcentrism |
Study conducted on men but also generalised to females |
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Alpha bias (gender) |
Differences between men & women exaggerated |
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Beta bias (gender) |
Differences between men & women ignored |
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Androcentrism examples |
Milgram (1963), Zimbardo, Asch |
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Gynocentric examples |
Moscovici, Strange Situation |
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Alpha bias examples |
Psychodynamic approach, Bowlby's monotropic theory of attachment, psychodynamic gender development |
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Beta bias examples |
Social learning theory, behaviourist approach, Milgram |
