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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Housing |
* not enough affordable housing * forced to live in slums, e.g. Dharavi --> 60% live in slums --> 1 mill people (86000 homes) crammed in a small area --> 1400 people to every toilet --> water available from standpipes a few hours a day, often contaminated --> 1 tap per 150 people --> home made from scrap (wood + iron) - newcomers live under plastic sheets on pavements * 40% live in run down old flats (chawls), or super rich with big houses * some new flats built, but very expensive |
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Employment |
* too many people for jobs available * informal sector --> recycling, pottery, shoe shining * illegal businesses not complying with health + safety or environmental laws, pay no tax * employment insecure and dangerous * number of formal jobs rising due to success of economy and globalisation (call centres) |
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Pollution |
* River Mithi highly polluted with human and industrial waste - no life * air quality --> highly polluting vehicles and industry --> bad for health * noise pollution |
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Waste |
* 7000 tonnes produced a day --> 5000 biodegradable/recyclable * household waste collected and taken to 3 dumping grounds --> no waste management in slums --> trucks cannot fit down narrow streets * Deonar, 35km S of Mumbai --> huge transport costs --> no new area for when it fills --> decomposition --> leachate --> pollutes ground water --> bacteria produce fumes --> mosquitoes and pests endemic at the site -->health risks for people of nearby Chembur * coastal slum Kaula Bandar has no waste service --> waste dumped in sea * rag pickers --> sell recyclables to unofficial factories for sorting --> sorting underpaid and dangerous (but essential income for many) --> govt. scheme to train rag pickers and sorters --> 16 days --> unpopular --> most waste generated by richest due to more consumerism |
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Transport |
* 88% of commuters travel by bus or train --> passenger numbers 5x 1960-90 * overcrowding --> hazardous * people travel by scooter/mopeds --> polluting * little room to increase transport routes --> peninsular --> 2 highways run N/S * plan to construct 150km Metro railway, 30km underground --> difficult due to lack of space due to slums --> difficult to move * 4 proposed monorail lines and elevated road over sea --> unfinished --> lack of govt. money * car ownership rising as wealth increases |
