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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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YES: Psychologist Benjamin Hanson |
agrees that psychotherapeutic techniques clearly differ among the various approaches but he argues that all such psychotherapy techniques produce similar outcomes |
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NO: Psychologist Jedidiah Siev, Jonathan Huppert, and Dianne Chambless |
assert that outcomes among the various psychotherapies differ primarily because one technique or therapy is better than the other |
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How does this debate impact this discipline? |
if the yes argument is correct that one technique is as effective as others why would psychologists attempt to expand or create new forms of therapy? |
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How does this debate impact this discipline? |
if the no then what motivates a psychologist or what should motivate a psychologist to promote or use one therapy over the other? |
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The Dodo Manifesto Nelson (2005) |
The Dodo hypothesis originated with Rosenzweig (1936) when he published - some implicit common factors in diverse methods of psychotherapy
ronsenzweig suggested that the success of therapy was do to factors such as relationship and personalities rather than specific techniques |
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Earlier Dodo Hypothesis Work: Earliest Work |
Jerome Frank (1950s)
psychotherapy was effective and that all produced the desired effect |
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Earlier Dodo Hypothesis Work: Meta - Analysis |
Statistical method for combining results from different studies - several meta-analytic studies concurred with the work of Frank - psychotherapy was effective, the positive effect held across different types of therapy and disorders |
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Earlier Dodo Hypothesis Work: NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative research program |
- compared to the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, tricyclic antidepression Impramine plus clinical management and placebo pill plus clinical management - not one treatment was more effective than the other - long term therapy was more beneficial than short term therapy |
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IS CBT the Super- therapy?
Cognitive Behavior Therapy |
- address dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behavior, and cognitive processes - uses a combo of behavioral and cognitive principles in therapy |
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IS CBT the super therapy? |
Some Suggest that the idea of a super therapy to allegiance effects |
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IS CBT the super therapy? How do we asses bias objectively |
Matthews' 2004 - empirical evidence does not carry much weight because the data effects are construed through philosophical frameworks that are inherently subjective
if there are allegiance effects how do we eliminate them? |
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Common Factors
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different approaches to psychotherapy and counseling have common components (those components account for outcome more than components that are unique to each approach) |
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4 common factors to all forms of psychotherapy (frank and frank 1993) |
1. Relationships between the patient and the helper (confidence and desire of helper) 2. setting for therapy is appropriate (societal approval) 3. Rationale for patients distress included a resolution 4. Task that requires some effort by the patient was prescribed by the therapist |
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Common Factors Miller, Duncan, & Hubble 1997 suggested that effectiveness of psychotherapy was due to 4 factors: |
1.Extratherapeutic 40%- client characteristics and chance events 2. Therapeutic Relationships (30%)- therapist- client relationship 3. Placebo effect 15%- hope and expectancy 4. Technique 15% - structure vs. unstructured therapy
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The Dodo Bird, Treatment Technique, and Disseminating Empirically Supported Treatments (Seiv, et. al 2009) |
Aim of their article: - provide historical context in terms previous attempts to respond to these contentions - update on recent research - variance accounted for by active ingredients (e.g., Technique) |
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Aggregation
Meta- Analysis |
Statistical method for combining results from different studies |
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Aggregation
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many studies have found differences between treatment orientation |
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Crits- Christoph (1997) |
Aggregating various populations, disorders, and treatment may obscure differences in treatment outcomes
average of all measures does not accurately evaluate the efficacy of the treatment for individuals suffering from a specific disorder, and is likely artificially attenuating the magnitude of effect size |
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What and who is asking the question? |
- What is the question that we are asking - whos question are we asking - do therapist and clients have different questions? (do some overlap, are some completely different) - Seiv cited research comparing CBT and Relaxation for Panic Disorder and Generalized anxiety order (cbt outperformed relaxaion to panic disorders |
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How di we classify Bona fide |
Siev points out issus which how wampfold defines Bona fide treatments (suggest this may impact results) example wampold 1997 -relaxation is placebo for OCD - relaxation is a bona fide treatment for GAD |
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Common Factors |
What would your pie chart look like - technique 10-15% - expectancy, relationship and common factors (40%) - Cirk et al. 2006 - therapist 5% - technique 21% - other factors 74% |
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Technique Effects |
More likely to see technique effects in disorders that have the smallest placebo effects
challenging to determine the overall effect of technique without considering disorder and population - howard 1999 - those who had special training in CBT for anxiety disorders were more likely to retain patients and they were less likely to receive treatment 1 yr later |
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Siev Summary
Many including Siev, et. al attempt to quantify the contributions of technique and other effects |
in this article they attempted to: - argue that the Dodo meta- analysis that aggregate across treatments, disorders and outcome mask, or attenuate differences between specific treatments or specific disorders -discussed the problems with classification of Bona Fide - Magnitude of techniques effects depends on disorder and population - suggest that common factors such as skill, alliance ,and treatment expectancy likely influence by technique |
