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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Median/Median Rank
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The median refers tot he score or rating in the middle of a data distribution where the values have been ordered by magnitude. If the distribution has an even number of values, the median refers to the average of the two values in the middle of the ordered distribution.
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Mode
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the mode refers to the most frequently appearing value(or values) within the distribution; the absolute max within the distribution. For grouped data distributions, the mode refers to the midpoint of the class interval that contains the most scores or ratings
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Percentile Point
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the percentie point refers to a value in a distribution of ordered scores or ratings that is greater than or equal tot he values of a specified percentage of scores in the distribution
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Deciles
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refer to a range of values whose upper limit is max of a percentile that is a multiple of ten
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Quartiles
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refers to a range of values whose upper limit is a max of a percentile that is a multiple of 25.
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Range
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Range = Y(max)-Y(min)
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Interquartile Range
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IQR = Y(.75)-Y(.25)
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Semi-interquartile range
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SIQR = IQR/2
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Probability of occurance of Event A
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P[A] stands for the proportion of times event A is expected to occur. a fraction from 0.0-1.0
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Probabilty of a non-occurance of event A
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P[~A] = 1 - P[A]
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Probability of Both of two independent events occuring [multiplicaiton rule]
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P[A and B] = P[A]*P[B]
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Probabilty of at least one of two independent events occur
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P[A or B] = P[A] + P[B] - (P[A]*P[B])
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Proportion
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refers to a decimal fraction ranging from zero to one that shows the part of the total that has a certain characteristic
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percentage (%)
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refers to the number per hundred that has a certain characteristic
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N or n
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refers to the total number of subjects or cases
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frequency(f)
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refers to the number of subjects or cases having a particular value or range of values from some variables
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relative frequency (rf)
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refers to the proportion of subjects or cases having a particular value or range of values for some variable
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percentage frequency (%f)
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refers to the percentage of subjects or cases having a particular value or range of values
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cumulative frequency (cf)
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refers to the number of subjects or cases having a particular value or less for some variable
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raw scores
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refer to untransformed scores
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standardized scores
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refer to transformed scores distributed according tohe frequency pattern of the normal distribution
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z scores
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refer to the standardized scores distributed according to the frequency pattern of the normal distribution
z = Y - u(y) / @(y) |
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T scores
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T = 10z+50
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nominal
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do not represent amounts
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ordinal
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represent amounts, may not represent equal amounts
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interval
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represent amounts, represent equal amounts, negative amounts are possible
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ratio
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represent amounts, represent equal amounts, negative amounts are impossible
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population
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refers to all sampling elements with a particular characteristic in common
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sampling element
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refers to a single member of a population
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Sampling unit
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refers to the object of study
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sample
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refers to a subject of sampling elements selected from a population
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parameter
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refers to a numerical value that descirbes a charcteristic of a distribution of values for a varialbe within a population
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statistic
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refers to a numerical value that describes a characteristic of a distribution of values for a variable within a sameple
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sampling frame
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a list of all the sampling units in a population
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descriptive statistics
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techniques used to characterize, summarize, and interpret data obtained from groups (samples or populations)
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inferential statistics
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techniques used to evaluate the adequacy of a generalization from obtained sample data to populations
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independent variable
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the variable that ids the speculative causes under study
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levels of the independent varialbe
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the values an independent variable may assume
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dependent variable
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the variable that describes the outcome status resulting from the influence of differnt levels of the independent variable
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dependent measuer
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the procedures used to measure the dependent variable
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reseach hypothesis
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a declarative statement that assets an expected relationship between two variables
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extraneous variable
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a variable other than the independent variable that could affect the dependnt one
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