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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1924 National Immigration Act
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prevented immigration from Asian countries except the Philippines
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1964 Immigration Act
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Opened doors for Immigrants
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Resource Shares for Asian Americans
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• Asians are better educated than the general population
• Asian families are more likely to have both spouses working • Asian children live with parents for a longer period of time • Asian families are larger |
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Chinese Americans
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•First gold miners than railroad workers
• Celestials (from another planet) • Brothels in Chinatown • Depression in 1870’s • 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act |
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1924 Immigration Act
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Any American who married a Chinese Person lost his/her citizenship
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Japanese
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• In 1907, Gentleman’s Agreement Act restricted further immigration of Japanese
• Very successful in farming • After Pearl Harbor Japanese were placed in “relocation centers” • 1/8 Japanese placed • In 1988 Congress authorized a $20,000 payment for the survivors |
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1st Generation Japanese
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Issei
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2nd Generation Japanese
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Nisei
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3rd Generation Japanese
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Sonsei
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Filipino American
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• The Philippines became an American possession
• Most are roman catholic • 1898-1956 the Philippines was an American colony • Anti-Filipino riots in 1929 • Congress set a quota on the number of Filipino immigrants/year (50) |
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Korean Americans
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• After Korean War, most wives that married soldiers came.
• Vast majority of 1st generation are church members • Very few of 2nd generation were church members “silent exodus” • 17% of Korean Americans own small businesses, grocery stores, restaurants, dry cleaning |
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Mail-Order Marriages
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international matchmaking services find brides for American Males
#1 Philippines, #2 Russia |
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Arranged Marriages
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Parents Select Spouse
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Ishra
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Feelings of developed by a long-term relationship
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Vietnamese
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• Cold-War: between the U.S. and the USSR
• LBJ fearful of the domino effect if 1 country falls to communism, others will topple as well • The government scattered refugees throughout all 50 states. |
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Hinduism
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polytheistic- many gods
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Buddhism
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nontheistic- no god
4 Noble Truths • Life involves suffering • Suffering arises from desire (attachment to ego) • Suffering ceases when desire (attachment) ceases • The way to end suffering is to follow the 8-fold path (virtue, meditation, wisdom) |
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Western Religions
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Monotheism- one god
Judaism, Christianity, Islam |
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Eastern Religions
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Reincarnation- cycle of life, death, and rebirth
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Karma
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a law of cause and effect, actions having consequences
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Latinos Resource Shares
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• Cuban Americans have the highest socioeconomic statu:
o Income o Educational attainment o Occupational prestige • Latinos have lower educational attainment than non-Latino whites • Mexicans 52% have a high school diploma • Latino Youths are less likely than whites to commit suicide are more likely than whites to be victims of homicide |
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Mexican American War
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1846-1848
Concluded by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, guaranteed basic rights Full American Citizenship Retention of Spanish as a legitimate language Ownership of language |
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Mexicans
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• Laws were written in English. Spanish was not used in courts. Land grants in Spanish were worthless.
• US Immigration policy- responded to the needs of employers for low wage Mexican workers |
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1924 Immigration Act- Mexicans
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did not limit the number of Mexicans who could come to the US
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US Border Patrol
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o First repatriation (department) occurred during the Depression (the 1930s)
o Depression (the 1930s) o WWII o The Bracero program was established owing to labor shortages brought on by world war II |
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Braceros
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Farm Workers
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1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
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o It granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants in the US since 1982
o It penalized employers who hired undocumented workers |
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Pachuco
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Punk
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Endogamy
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norm about marrying people within the group
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Exogamy
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Requirement norm about marrying outside the group (incest taboo)
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Homogamy
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marriage between people with similar social characteristics
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Zoot Suit Riots
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• 2nd Generation Mexican Americans
• In-between status • Not fully American, but not Mexican • Pachucos were marginalized |
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WEB DuBois- double consciousness
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Blacks see themselves as Americans (positive) but also through the eyes of whites, who look down on them.
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Puerto Ricans
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• Puerto Ricans are American Citizens
• Given free access to mainland • Puerto Ricans on the island can’t vote in Presidential elections, and don’t pay federal income taxes • New York City- sweatshops • High rate of remigration • Cheap airfares between NYC and San Juan • Young Lords- provide hot lunches, and patrol schools in NYC • Poverty rate highest among Latinos • Puerto Ricans see police as oppressors • Most Puerto Ricans are Catholic, many have left the Catholic church for protestant evangelical churches |
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Cuban Americans
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• More African slaves were brought to Cuba than to the US
• Castro overthrew Batista in 1959 • Sparked migration of Cubans to US • Affluent Cubans migrate to US • Miami- came as political refugees • Special Assistant • Given automatic green cards • In 1980, Castro emptied the prisons and mental hospitals saying all that wished to leave Cuba could do so |
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Marielitos
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darker skinned, single mates, criminal backgrounds, not welcomed
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McDonaldization of Society
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Efficiency- find the most efficient mans of achieving a task
(Customers perform tasks without pay, ATM, U-Scan, self-serve gas, It’s become a self-serve society) Predictability (From one place to the next, Hollywood Sequels, Shopping malls, McDonalds did not have jukeboxes, Standardization, Scripted interaction) Calculability (Emphasis on quantity, not quality) Control through automation (Replace people with machines, Irrationality of rationality, Dehumanizing, Inefficient, End of family meals) |
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Weber
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Iron cage of rationality, once these are set up there is no going back.
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Arab Americans
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• Indonesia has the largest population of Muslim
• Most Arab Americans are not Muslim. Most are Christian. • Most Muslims in the US are not of Arab ancestry. • 42% of all Muslims in the US are African American. • US Census: White, not declare Arab • Lebanese- Largest Arab American group • Egyptian-2nd • Syrians-3rd • Palestinians-4th |
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History of Arab Americans
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• 1st Wave- late 1800s- Lebanese and Syrians escaping persecution. Most were Christian. Entrepreneurial resources, sojourner orientation, middleman minorities.
• In 1924, the Johnson Reed Act- placed restrictions on immigration on immigration from the Middle East. • 1965 quotas abolished • 2nd Wave- more likely to be Muslim. Educated professionals, planned to stay. |
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Resource Shares of Arab Americans
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• Family income is higher than for general population
• Poverty Rates exceed those for general population • 24% of Arab Americans have a college degree • 17% have graduate degrees • Arab sounding name • Jihad=struggle • Most attend public schools • 300,000: Largest concentration outside of Middle East is Dearborn, MI and Detroit • Party loyalties • Evenly divided among Republicans, Democrats, and Independents • Ethno genesis • Pan ethnic group- made up of distinct groups |
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Mainline Churches
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Traditional American Church
Methodist, Presbyterian, Episcopalians, Roman Catholic Non-literal interpretation of Scripture, low tension with dominant culture, retrained worship ceremonies |
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Fundamentalist Sect
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Jehovah’s Witness, assemblies of God, Southern Baptists
Literal interpretation of Scripture, high tension with dominant culture, dramatic worship ceremonies |
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Membership Growth or Decline (10 year period)
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Jehovah's Witness +48%
Assemblies of God +34% Southern Baptist +16% Roman Catholic +12% Methodist -7% Presbyterian -12% Episcopal -13% Sects are growing, churches are declining |
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Evangelism
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Active recruitment of new members (wells hall)
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Tithe
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Give 10% of income to church
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Interfaith Marriages
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Children are likely to wife's faith.
Husband is more likely to convert to wife's. |
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Secularization
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As society modernizes people move away from religion
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US Population: 2004 to 2050
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Whites 67% to 50%
Black 13% to 14% Latinos 14% to 23% Asian and Other 6% to 10% |
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Latinos- The Future of Discrimination
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Large size, no middleman positions
Large size fuels hostility from whites Large size will generate negative stereotyping. Language, survival of barrios, back and forth movement will sustain identifiability Less identifiable than blacks and asians |
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Asian Americans- The Future of Discrimination
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Will continue to occupy middle class and middleman positions
High level of educational attainment, which makes whites and others feel threatened. |
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African Americans- The Future of Discrimination
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Will continue to be polarized socioeconomically
Growing middleclass sizable low income segment large size prevents middleman pos. A drop in college enrollment for males. Discrimination based on skin color will continue. |
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Ally
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a member of a dominant group challenges a form of oppression from which he or she benefits.
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