Islamic Civ - Lecture 3 - Muhammad The Prophet

Front 1

Quraysh

Back 1

Tribe that controlled Mecca when Muhammad founded Islam. Initially opposed the message of Islam

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Hashim

Back 2

Great-grandfather of Muhammad in the Quraysh. His descendants within the tribe are called the Banu Hashim

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Khadija

Back 3

First wife of the prophet and the first convert to Islam and converted enthusiastically

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Ali ibn Abi Talib

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Cousin of the Prophet and one of the first converts to Islam. Fourth Rashidun caliph, and married the Prophet's daughter Fatima.

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Abu Bakr

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First convert to Islam after Khadija, and father in-law of the Prophet. Fought the Ridda Wars to maintain administrative control over territories that thought only Muhammad had authority over them.

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Uthman

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Third Caliph of the Rashidun and companion of the Prophet, son-ii-law of the prophet, compiler of the Quran. Focused on public works and Arabization of currency and culture

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Yathrib/Medina

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The second holiest city of Islam, largely because it sheltered the Prophet during his flight from Mecca and provided the followers that he needed to successfully returned

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muhajirun

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Muslims who followed Muhammad to Medina

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ansar

Back 9

Muslims that followed Muhammad back to Mecca from Medina

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Khaybar

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Province north of Medina that was inhabited by Jews and the Banu Nadir. The Jews had allegedly broken a treaty with the Muslims, and the Banu Nadir were inciting violence against M.s followers.

Front 11

hijra

Back 11

622 Muhammad leaves Mecca for Medina

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Battle of Badr

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624, Medinans win first important battle against Meccans, Muhammad gains prestige and expels the Banu Qaynuqa, a Jewish tribe in Medina that had been threatening him

Front 13

Battle of Uhud

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625, Meccans defeat the Medinans, who disobeyed Muhammad's orders, allowing the Medinans to gain the upper hand. Nadir betray Muhammad and are expelled

Front 14

Battle of Khandaq (of the Trench)

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627, Meccans and Jews besiege Medina, but are defeated after suffering embarrassing casualties considering their numerical advantage. Solidified M.s place as leader of Medina

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Treaty of al-Hudaybiya

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628, allowed peace between the Quraysh and the Medinans, allowed Muslims to make the Hajj peacefully.

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Mecca conquered

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630, the treaty is broken when Qurayshis allegedly attack Muslims in Mecca. Muhammad marches on Mecca, which allegedly surrenders without bloodshed.

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Death of Muhammad

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632