Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Rashidun |
600 "rightly guided caliphs" First 4 Caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali companions of the prophet |
|
|
Death of Muhammad |
632- successes by Abu Bakr |
|
|
Umayyad Caliphate |
661-750 First Muslim dynasty First rulers of Islamic empire to pass down power within family Muawiya started, 5th Caliph |
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate |
750-850 loss of centralized power "Golden Age" New identity of what political Islam meant High value on education and intellect, medical developments moved capital to Baghdad |
|
|
Banu Quraysh/Banu Hashim |
600, Hijaz Region Quraysh: Big family tribe, Hashim: Direct family group of Muhammad/Ali Foundation of debate of succession of Muhammad |
|
|
Hijra |
622 Mecca>Medina Muhammad migration from Mecca to Medina after being kicked out for being a false prophet Marks 1st year on Islamic calendar Foundation of Islam |
|
|
Aisha |
678, Hijaz Muhammad's favorite wife (much younger) Spelberg article discusses controversial legacy Battle of Camel>women were treated differently because of rash decisions she lost battle Was model for muslim women |
|
|
Battle of the Camel |
656 Basra Aisha enraged by killing of Uthman and naming of Ali as next Caliph First Civil War (Fitna) Aisha + Muslims (against death of Uthman) vs Shiat Ali Ali wins |
|
|
Ibn Ishaq/Sira |
767 Medina Author of Sira>earliest biographical traditions of Muhammad Proves that there is interest in Prophet's life as example of emerging tradition Lifetime of prophet/supplement to Quran |
|
|
Sunna/Hadith |
800 Hadith: quotes of descriptions of action of Muhammad: what he specifically said Sunna: example of model or conduct of Muhammad Proves interest in prophets life Because oral tradition conflict what Sunna actually means |
|
|
Mawla |
700 Arabian Peninsula protected soldiers>non muslim who were protected by the kinship group Way of categorizing people who were "with" muslim people but unsure if they were technically believers |
|
|
Dhimmi |
700 Arabian Peninsula non-muslims under protection of muslim law w/ requirement of paying capital tax or or tax on land Vagueness of muslim identity- "believers" |
|
|
Constitution of Medina |
622 Medina Prophet went to Medina from Mecca Established a community and how people would treat each other/interact - Law Speech by Muhammad Blurred lines of what is a muslim |
|
|
Uthman/Shiat Uthman |
656-Murdered Arabian Penninsula Uthman- 3rd Caliph Shiat- his followers wealthy, earliest followers of Muhammad Brought order to administration, military, centralization, standardization of Quran |
|
|
Ali/Shiat Ali |
661 Arabic Peninsula Cousin/Son-in-law of Prophet- married to daughter Fatima Took part in all battles 4 Caliph, first civil war was about his ruling Shiats believe he was rightful successor- Aisha didn't like him |
|
|
Ghadir Khumm |
632 Mecca Prophets "farewell sermon" after pilgrimage Speech where addresses Ali in a way that implies successorship, confusingly interpreted On death bed says that Prophet does not choose successor |
|
|
Kharijites |
Mid 600s Arabian Peninsula People who deserted "people who go out of the group" Assassinated Ali for supposed negotiation with Muawiya to not punish murderers of Uthman |
|
|
Dome of the Rock |
688 Jerusalem Place where Muhammad ascended to Heaven Traveled overnight from Mecca to Jerusalem no one believed him except for Abu Bakr Biggest muslim structure built to rival Christian Churches Inscription: Allah is God and has no son |
|
|
Abu Muslim |
750 general who led Abbasid revolution against Umayyads |
|
|
Baghdad |
762 Founded by Caliph al-Mansur New Abbasid capital because there was hostility in Kufa- didnt want a descendent of Ali to be the new caliph |
|
|
Sharia |
Derived by quran, sunna, ijma, qiyas both religious and secular duties "the way" islamic canonical law |
|
|
al-Shafii |
820 Egypt Egyptian poet who gave rulings 1 of 4 schools of thought 1st to encourage use of all sources |
|
|
Ulama |
8-9th century Collection of scholars valued their independence from politics/army new law/order group devoted to quran and pious life |
|
|
Mamluk |
"owned" military slave during the Abbasid reign agricultural slave |
|
|
Bayt al-Hikma |
Early 800s Baghdad House of Wisdom Translation- movement to translate texts from ancient text to arabic and to build and analyze them because of greek platotic text developed muslim philosophical tradition more efficient empire |
|
|
Mutazilism |
8-9th Century Baghdad Study/ideology that favors dialect about nature of God, free will and Gods attributions said that God is eternal, not the Quran |
|
|
al-Jahiz |
776-868 Basra Arab prose writer of Mutazili belief |
|
|
al-Hallaj |
922 Persia Mystic, writer, teacher Said "I am the Truth" and was executed for claiming divinity |
|
|
Shuubiyya |
Reaction of non-arab muslims to Arabic culture |
|
|
Zanj |
869-883 (uprising of Zanj) Basra Bantu speaking slaves used for Ag reasons Zanj uprising in Abbasid Caliphate was among most brutal of history |
|
|
Imami/Twelver Shiism |
Majority of Muslims believe this Twelver Shiism is the belief in 12 divine Imams with the final coming at the time of resurrection as the next Mahdi Follow Hadiths |
|
|
The People of the Sunna and the Group |
x |
|
|
Amir al-Mu'minin |
“Commander of the Faithful.” a reference to those in positions of command over Muslim forces during the initial period of conquest, both during and after the life of the Prophet. Firm belief by proto shia that this is Ali |
|
|
Double Shahadah |
Late 600s Arabian peninsula “There is no God but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God” fred donner makes the argument that it always wasn't the double shahada, there are documented instances when double shahada was just "there is no god but god" which enabled cooperation between monotheistic faiths. Double shahada changed that |
|
|
Battle of Karbala |
680 Karbala Post Muawiya death, Husayn did not give allegiance to son Yazid 1, which people of Kufa wanted Yazid and supporters murder Husayn and supporters More significant to Shia but mourned by all |
|
|
Ijtihad |
Early 900s Arabic Peninsula Heavily accentuates arabic culture Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question. |
|
|
The chosen one from the family of Muhammad |
Early 700s Kufa used as a symbol of resistance to Umayyad dynasty and part of Abbasid revolution |
|
|
The Mahdi |
680s Kufa After second civil war, Caliph Muhammad al-Hanafiyyah named Mahdi Prophesied redeemer of Islam ruling before the day of Judgement to rid the world of evil |
